Figure 1
Effects of substituting I25 and L27 with Asp or Ala. (A) ATPase activities of GroEL (grey columns) and GroELSR (black columns) in the presence of various GroES variants. GroES inhibited the ATPase activities of GroEL and GroELSR to ~50% and ~10%, respectively. Mutations of I25A, I25D, L27A, and L27D relieved the inhibition on both GroEL and GroELSR. Experiments were carried out at least three times, and error bars are standard deviations of the experiments. (B) Refolding of MDH in the presence of GroEL or GroELSR with various GroES variants. The enzymatic activity of native MDH is set to 100%. GroES participated in GroEL-mediated MDH folding with ~80% yield, and in GroELSR-mediated MDH folding with ~10% yield. The GroES variants are associated with minimal MDH folding yield.
