Figure 4

Indicators of critical slowing down. (a) Temporal autocorrelation at lag-1 of basal area increment time-series averaged over plots of the same species richness and (b) power spectrum of basal area increment time series averaged over plots of the same species richness and SPEI. We find that there is not a clear distinction between different species richness treatments and an increase in autocorrelation for dry conditions (i.e. increasingly negative SPEI). Monocultures and two-species mixtures have most of their variance in the lower frequency spectrum. This variance shifts to the right or to higher frequencies as richness increases.