Table 2 Clinical variables and annualized Δ√transformed CACS according to baseline CACS.

Variables	CACS 0			CACS 1–100			CACS > 100
Variables	β	SE	P	β	SE	P	β	SE	P
Age, pre-1 year increase	0.012	0.001	< 0.001	0.016	0.004	< 0.001	0.007	0.012	0.584
Male	0.144	0.019	< 0.001	0.546	0.092	< 0.001	0.724	0.372	0.052
Systolic BP, per-1 mmHg increase	0.003	0.001	< 0.001	− 0.001	0.002	0.692	− 0.005	0.007	0.438
Diastolic BP, per-1 mmHg increase	0.004	0.001	< 0.001	− 0.011	0.003	0.001	− 0.008	0.010	0.440
BMI, per-1 kg/m²	0.019	0.003	< 0.001	0.051	0.011	< 0.001	0.058	0.038	0.123
Total cholesterol, per-1 mg/dL increase	0.001	0.001	< 0.001	− 0.002	0.001	0.020	0.001	0.003	0.953
Triglyceride, per-1 mg/dL increase	0.001	0.001	< 0.001	0.001	0.001	< 0.001	0.001	0.001	0.268
HDL-C, per-1 mg/dL increase	− 0.001	0.001	0.053	0.001	0.002	0.583	0.001	0.007	0.940
LDL-C, per-1 mg/dL increase	0.001	0.001	< 0.001	0.001	0.001	0.359	0.001	0.003	0.774
AIP, per-0.1 unit increase	0.016	0.003	< 0.001	0.035	0.010	< 0.001	0.032	0.037	0.385
Fasting glucose, per-1 mg/dL increase	0.004	0.001	< 0.001	0.007	0.001	< 0.001	0.001	0.004	0.941
Current smoking	0.159	0.045	< 0.001	1.028	0.177	< 0.001	2.107	0.514	< 0.001

AIP atherogenic index of plasma, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, CACS coronary artery calcium score, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

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