Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo)

Figure 4The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Putative Pleistocene glacial refugia for the central (A) and southern (B) lineages of Bufo bufo, as inferred by the species distribution modelling (SDM) calibrated under current bioclimatic conditions and projected at the last glacial maximum (21 kya). Orange: areas of at least two out of three general circulation models (GCMs); red: areas of concordance among all the GCMs; black: areas of “stability”, defined as regions of overlap between current, glacial (two out of three GCMs) and ancestral (Bayesian phylogeographic analysis) areas of species presence. The map was drawn using the software Canvas 11 (ACD Systems of America, Inc.).

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