Figure 4

Putative Pleistocene glacial refugia for the central (A) and southern (B) lineages of Bufo bufo, as inferred by the species distribution modelling (SDM) calibrated under current bioclimatic conditions and projected at the last glacial maximum (21 kya). Orange: areas of at least two out of three general circulation models (GCMs); red: areas of concordance among all the GCMs; black: areas of “stability”, defined as regions of overlap between current, glacial (two out of three GCMs) and ancestral (Bayesian phylogeographic analysis) areas of species presence. The map was drawn using the software Canvas 11 (ACD Systems of America, Inc.).