Figure 6

Microbiome composition and microbials showing significant between-group differences in abundance based on baseline disease activity [remission, mild-moderate (labeled as ‘moderate’), or severe] at the phylum level. (A) Composition of the microbiome in: (A-1) stool; (A-2) saliva; (A-3) serum; and (A-4) urine. (B) Microbials showing significant between-group differences in mean relative abundance in: (B-1) stool; (B-2) saliva; and (B-3) urine. Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon tests were used. Bars above columns indicate standard deviation. *p < 0.05.