Table 2 Heavy metal concentrations by region of the study subjects.

From: Association between levels of exposure to heavy metals and renal function indicators of residents in environmentally vulnerable areas

 

N

AM ± SD

GM

(95% CI)

p25

p50

p95

Blood Pb†

(μg/dL)

Low-exposure abandoned metal mine area

74

2.74 ± 0.85*

2.66 (2.52–2.81)

2.31

2.59

4.09

High-exposure abandoned metal mine area

68

2.05 ± 1.20*

1.77 (1.55–2.02)

1.11

1.85

4.01

Refinery area

121

2.39 ± 1.56*

2.04 (1.85–2.25)

1.36

1.91

5.70

Control area

35

1.33 ± 0.67

1.18 (1.00–1.40)

0.91

1.09

2.95

Blood cd†

(μg/L)

Low-exposure abandoned metal mine area

74

1.55 ± 0.88

1.37 (1.22–1.53)

0.96

1.32

2.98

High-exposure abandoned metal mine area

68

2.56 ± 2.02*

1.93 (1.61–2.33)

1.05

1.95

7.02

Refinery area

121

2.59 ± 1.37*

2.27 (2.07–2.50)

1.73

2.29

5.30

Control area

35

0.96 ± 0.37

0.89 (0.78–1.02)

0.67

0.90

1.97

Urine Cd†

(μg/L)

Low-exposure abandoned metal mine area

74

3.87 ± 3.13*

2.87 (2.36–3.49)

1.73

3.34

10.69

High-exposure abandoned metal mine area

68

3.18 ± 2.52*

2.46 (2.06–2.93)

1.37

2.54

6.90

Refinery area

121

2.34 ± 2.18

1.61 (1.37–1.89)

0.84

1.69

6.52

Control area

35

1.49 ± 1.31

1.11 (0.85–1.44)

0.60

1.00

4.63

Urine Cd

(μg/g Cr)

Low-exposure abandoned metal mine area

74

3.59 ± 2.51*

2.84 (2.40–3.36)

1.72

3.47

7.50

High-exposure abandoned metal mine area

68

3.94 ± 2.66*

3.14 (2.65–3.71)

1.91

2.94

9.27

Refinery area

121

3.53 ± 2.50*

2.86 (2.54–3.22)

1.88

2.95

8.67

Control area

35

1.55 ± 0.79

1.36 (1.14–1.63)

0.91

1.44

3.16

Blood Hg†

(μg/L)

Low-exposure abandoned metal mine area

74

6.59 ± 4.01*

5.63 (4.94–6.42)

3.80

5.67

13.46

High-exposure abandoned metal mine area

68

4.32 ± 2.34

3.71 (3.22–4.27)

2.66

3.91

8.27

Refinery area

121

2.87 ± 1.98

2.38 (2.14–2.65)

1.48

2.34

6.62

Control area

35

3.00 ± 1.60

2.67 (2.26–3.16)

1.97

2.60

7.31

  1. AM, arithmetic mean; SD, standard deviation; GM (95% CI), geometric mean (95% confidence interval).
  2. *Indicates a significant difference between the exposed area and the control area.
  3. †Indicates the significant differences among the exposed areas.
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