Figure 3

Inflammatory response in skeletal muscle after DMM. (A) and (B) Representative images from H&E-stained sections of the TA (A) and quadriceps (B) muscles at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. For each muscle, inflammatory cell infiltration (box) is shown as a magnified image in the lower panels. Scale bars = 50 μm. (C) and (D) Total RNA was extracted from the TA (C) and quadriceps (D) muscles at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively; the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 mRNA were analyzed using real-time qRT-PCR. Data are normalized to the expression of GAPDH mRNA and shown as means ± SEMs of duplicate experiments from 3–5 animals. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 according to one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test for MCP-1 (TA, quadriceps), IL-1β, and IL-6 (quadriceps) and according to the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test for IL-1β and IL-6 (TA).