Figure 1

Characterization of ultra-small Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Fe3O4 nanoclusters. (a) TEM image of synthesized ultra-small Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the size distribution (inset). (b) HRTEM image of the ultra-small Fe3O4 nanoparticles. (c) TEM image of the synthesized Fe3O4-DMSA nanoclusters. (d) XRD pattern, (e,f) XPS pattern and (g) Saturation magnetization curve of ultra-small Fe3O4 nanoparticles. (h) FTIR spectra of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Fe3O4-DMSA nanoclusters. (i) UV–vis patterns of Fe3O4-DMSA, DOX and Fe3O4-RGD-DOX. (j) Size distribution of Fe3O4-DMSA nanoclusters and (k) Fe3O4-RGD-DOX nanoclusters. (l) Size distribution of Fe3O4-DMSA nanoclusters after being placed at 4 °C for 10 months and a real image of the aqueous solution (inset).