Table 3 XRD crystallite sizes calculated from Sherrer’s equation.

From: Performance comparison of CTAB-modified NiO, ZnO, and SnO2 sensors for CO and CH4 detection in environmental and health applications

Material

Miller indices (h, k, l)

(2θฒ)

(θ) in radians

FWHM (β)

(β) in radians

d-Spacing (Å)

Crystallite size (D in nm)

Micro-strain (ε)

Dislocation density (δ) nm− 2

NiO

3 0 0

43.2

0.377

1.281

0.022

0.017

4.43

0.013

0.051

ZnO

1 0 1

36.3

0.316

0.211

0.003

0.028

29.8

0.002

0.001

SnO2

1 1 0

26.6

0.232

1.397

0.024

0.018

2.36

0.025

0.185

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