Table 4 A comparative overview of synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles with their significance.
Microalgae/Cyanobacteria/ Algae | Optimization techniques used | Conditions during optimization | Characterizations | Significance | Reference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FESEM | XRD | TEM | PDI | Zeta potential | |||||
Chlorella vulgaris | OFAT | Extract ratio- 8:2 v/v, pH-12, 3 mM AgNO3 and 24 h of incubation time | 55.06 ± 9.67 nm | 61.89 ± 12.13 nm in crystalline nature | - | 0.56 | – 26.4 ± 4.22 mV | Showed significant photocatalytic dye degradation activity of methylene blue | |
Chlorella minutissima (aqueous extract) | OFAT | pH-9, AgNO3: extract ratio- 1:10, | Spherical in shape (200 nm) | - | 73.13 nm | 0.25 | – 21.2 mV | Showed significant growth inhibition of gram positive and gram-negative bacterial species | |
Chlorella vulgaris | In-situ photocatalysis | Temperature- 85 ℃, 0.1 M AgNO3, pH-8, Incubation time- 1.5 h | 500 nm | 24.61 nm crystalline nature | - | - | - | 90.6% of Brilliant Blue R degradation was achieved after 90 min of irradiation | |
Planophila laetevirens | OFAT | 1:4 v/v of algal extract to silver nitrate, Temperature- 80 ℃, Dark incubation | Quasi-spherical (200 nm) | - | 10.8 ± 0.3 nm | 0.56 | – 26.1 mV | Significant antitumor activity against colon and breast cancer | |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (EPS) | OFAT | Concentration- 1.25 mM, Incubation time- 24 h, light required | Spherical | - | 7.5 nm | – | - | To achieve the scalability of EPS-PBR- wastewater systems | |
Nostoc linckia | RSM and FCCCD | pH-10, AgNO3 Concentration- 5 mM, Incubation time- 24 h, Pigment concentration- 1 mgmL-1 | Crystalline | 3.24 nm | 9.39 to 25.89 nm | – | – 31.8 mV | Showed efficient antibacterial, anticancer and antihemolytic activities | |
Haematococcus pluvialis (Cell-free supernatant) | OFAT and Pseudo- first-order kinetic | Temperature- 45 ℃, pH- 11, AgNO3 to CFS ratio v/v- 90:10, stirring- 180 rpm for 15 min followed by stirring at 80 rpm | – | Face-centered cubic structure | 30–50 nm | 0.22 | – 35.9 to -18.2 mV | Demonstrated the antibacterial activity against E. coli | |
Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901 and Chlorella sorokiniana MSP1 | RSM and ANN-GA hybrid tool | For SSB-SN: Bioextract- 2.49 mL, AgNO3 concentration- 2.42 mM, Incubation time- 22.78 h For CSS-SN: Bioextract- 2.49 mL, AgNO3 concentration- 8.07 mM, Incubation time- 19.37 h | SSB-SN appeared as cubic structure CSS-SN appeared as spherical structure | Both AgNPs show crystalline structure | 12.61 nm 26.60 nm | 0.22 0.37 | – 20.95 mV – 31.17 mV | SSB-SN degraded the orange-II and Sudan black dyes up to 99.14% and 98.16% CCS-SN demonstrated around 73.16 and 97.75% for orange-II and Sudan black dyes, respectively | This study |
