Table 2 Inhibition Zones (Mean ± SD, mm) with Statistical Grouping. Values sharing different superscript letters within a column are significantly different (p < 0.05).

From: Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activities and molecular docking of selected medicinal plants used in arab countries using zamzam water and conventional solvents

Plant/Solvent	S. aureus	B. subtilis	K. pneumoniae	P. vulgaris	C. albicans
O. majorana EtOH 100	23 ± 0.9ᶜ	20 ± 0.8ᶜ	24 ± 1.0ᶜ	22 ± 0.9ᶜ	23 ± 0.9ᵇ
O. majorana MeOH 100	33 ± 1.3ᵃ	16 ± 0.6ᵈ	20 ± 0.8ᵈ	23 ± 0.9ᶜ	25 ± 1.0ᵇ
O. majorana PE 100	26 ± 1.0ᵇ	22 ± 0.9ᵇ	31 ± 1.2ᵇ	30 ± 1.2ᵃ	27 ± 1.1ᵃ
O. majorana Zamzam 100	23 ± 0.9ᶜ	21 ± 0.8ᵇ	27 ± 1.1ᶜ	22 ± 0.9ᶜ	21 ± 0.8ᶜ
C. speciosus EtOH 100	35 ± 1.4ᵃ	28 ± 1.1ᵃ	22 ± 0.9ᵈ	23 ± 0.9ᶜ	24 ± 1.0ᵇ
C. speciosus MeOH 100	35 ± 1.4ᵃ	27 ± 1.1ᵃ	21 ± 0.8ᵈ	20 ± 0.8ᵈ	25 ± 1.0ᵇ
C. speciosus Aq 100	23 ± 0.9ᶜ	20 ± 0.8ᶜ	33 ± 1.3ᵇ	25 ± 1.0ᵇ	19 ± 0.8ᶜ
C. speciosus PE 100	19 ± 0.8ᵈ	22 ± 0.9ᵇ	0ᶠ	0ᶠ	0ᶠ
L. sativum MeOH 100	31 ± 1.2ᵇ	20 ± 0.8ᶜ	22 ± 0.9ᵈ	21 ± 0.8ᶜ	25 ± 1.0ᵇ
L. sativum EtOH 100	24 ± 1.0ᶜ	17 ± 0.7ᵈ	27 ± 1.1ᶜ	22 ± 0.9ᶜ	22 ± 0.9ᶜ
L. sativum Aq 100	0ᶠ	20 ± 0.8ᶜ	0ᶠ	0ᶠ	0ᶠ
L. sativum Zamzam 100	21 ± 0.8ᶜ	22 ± 0.9ᵇ	20 ± 0.8ᵈ	20 ± 0.8ᵈ	22 ± 0.9ᶜ
L. usitatissimum EtOH 100	24 ± 1.0ᶜ	20 ± 0.8ᶜ	37 ± 1.5ᵃ	30 ± 1.2ᵃ	26 ± 1.0ᵃ
L. usitatissimum MeOH 100	24 ± 1.0ᶜ	20 ± 0.8ᶜ	25 ± 1.0ᶜ	12 ± 0.5ᵉ	20 ± 0.8ᶜ
L. usitatissimum PE 100	0ᶠ	0ᶠ	16 ± 0.6ᵉ	13 ± 0.5ᵉ	0ᶠ
L. usitatissimum Zamzam 100	21 ± 0.8ᶜ	20 ± 0.8ᶜ	22 ± 0.9ᵈ	23 ± 0.9ᶜ	25 ± 1.0ᵇ
Cephalosporin	33 ± 1.3ᵃ	30 ± 1.2ᵃ	12 ± 0.5ᵉ	12 ± 0.5ᵉ	13 ± 0.5ᵉ
Gentamicin	31 ± 1.2ᵇ	27 ± 1.1ᵃ	16 ± 0.6ᵉ	15 ± 0.6ᵉ	14 ± 0.6ᵉ
Tetracycline	28 ± 1.1ᵇ	18 ± 0.7ᶜ	13 ± 0.5ᵉ	0ᶠ	12 ± 0.5ᵉ
Clindamycin	26 ± 1.0ᵇ	18 ± 0.7ᶜ	13 ± 0.5ᵉ	0ᶠ	12 ± 0.5ᵉ

IZ = Inhibition Zone (mm) is the diameter of the well (8 mm), EtOH is the ethanol extract, MeOH is the methanol extract, and PE is the petroleum ether extract. Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). Different superscript letters within the same column indicate statistically significant differences at p < 0.05 using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.

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Table 2 Inhibition Zones (Mean ± SD, mm) with Statistical Grouping. Values sharing different superscript letters within a column are significantly different (p < 0.05).

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