Table 1 Characteristics of fast spindles (frequency > 13 Hz) detected by the SUMOv2 model in the BD recordings for healthy controls (HC) and patients with bipolar disorder (BP).

	Channel	HC	BP	p-value
Density	F3-A2	3.43 (1.70)	2.15 (1.46)	0.008
	F4-A1	3.39 (1.68)	2.16 (1.39)	0.009
	C3-A2	4.37 (2.01)	2.80 (1.98)	0.011
	C4-A1	4.37 (2.00)	2.77 (1.91)	0.008
Frequency	F3-A2	13.91 (0.14)	13.91 (0.18)	0.990
	F4-A1	13.92 (0.13)	13.92 (0.12)	0.983
	C3-A2	13.98 (0.22)	13.90 (0.18)	0.184
	C4-A1	13.98 (0.21)	13.88 (0.17)	0.089
Duration	F3-A2	0.87 (0.09)	0.82 (0.12)	0.125
	F4-A1	0.87 (0.09)	0.82 (0.12)	0.150
	C3-A2	0.88 (0.09)	0.83 (0.13)	0.154
	C4-A1	0.88 (0.10)	0.83 (0.13)	0.203
Amplitude	F3-A2	6.95 (1.49)	6.99 (1.43)	0.910\(^\dag\)
	F4-A1	7.12 (1.40)	7.06 (1.39)	0.992\(^\dag\)
	C3-A2	8.36 (1.73)	8.32 (2.13)	0.703\(^\dag\)
	C4-A1	8.41 (1.88)	8.47 (1.61)	0.900

While spindles were aggregated across all channels, we calculated individual spindle characteristics separately for each channel using only that channel’s EEG signal. P-values were calculated between the characteristics of the two cohorts with Welch’s two-sided independent t-tests unless indicated otherwise. We use \(\dag\) to indicate that a Wilcoxon two-sided rank-sum test was used.

Quick links

Search