Fig. 5: Composite maps of low-level eddy heat and moisture fluxes on the onset date of Ural Blocking events under SPAO and WPAO.

a, b 850-hPa Meridional Eddy Heat Flux (v’T’, K·m/s) and c, d 850-hPa Meridional Eddy Moisture Flux (v’Q’, kg/kg·m/s) composited on the UB onset date for a, c SPAO (18 events) and b, d WPAO (15 events). Hatched areas indicate regions that are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level based on a two-tailed Student’s t test.