Fig. 2: Lactylation-associated molecular subtypes (a) t-SNE visualization showing distinct ovarian cancer subtype clustering (b) LDHA expression levels across the identified subtypes.

In Figure A, Subtype Clustering of Ovarian Cancer Samples Based on LDHA Expression. This t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) plot visualizes the clustering of ovarian cancer samples based on transcriptomic profiles of lactylation-associated genes. Samples are colored by LDHA expression subtype: LDHA-high (red) and LDHA-low (blue). The two-dimensional embedding (Dim1 and Dim2) highlights clear separation between the subtypes, indicating transcriptomic divergence associated with lactylation levels. B Differential LDHA Expression between Subtypes. This violin plot illustrates the distribution of LDHA expression across identified lactylation-based subtypes in ovarian cancer samples. The LDHA-high group (left, green) exhibits significantly elevated LDHA expression compared to the LDHA-low group (right, orange). The width of each violin represents the kernel density estimation of expression values, with embedded boxplots indicating median and interquartile range. These findings confirm LDHA as a distinguishing marker between lactylation-based subtypes.