Fig. 2: Gene family extensions in Cotesia.

A Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of the OR family in C. congregata and four other Hymenoptera species. The dataset included 243 amino acid sequences from C. congregata (blue), 203 sequences from M. demolitor (red), 216 sequences from N. vitripennis (orange), 162 sequences from A. mellifera (yellow). The tree was rooted using the Orco (OR-coreceptor) clade. Circles indicate nodes strongly supported by the approximate likelihood-ratio test (black circles aLRT ≥ 0.95; white circles 0.90 ≥ aLRT ≤ 0.95). The scale bar represents 0.5 expected amino acid substitutions per site. ORs of the five Hymenoptera species are distributed into 18 OR subfamilies previously described in¹⁸ delineated in gray. B Copy number dynamics of OR (olfaction) P450 (detoxification) and Odv-e66 genes, note that the later are found specifically in bracovirus-associated wasps since they derive from the ancestrally integrated nudivirus. Estimated numbers of gene gain and loss events are shown on each branch of the species tree. The size of OR repertoires in common ancestors is indicated in the boxes. The lack of phylogenetic resolution for closely related Cotesia OR genes precluded any comprehensive analysis of gene gains and losses.