Fig. 4: EEMS diversity rates in chimpanzees at different population scales.

a Map of diversity rates (q) for the entire species. Diversity rates are mean centred (population average) on a log₁₀ scale, whereby a value of 1 equates to a tenfold rate increase over population mean rate. Point diameter is proportional to the number of individuals sampled in a given deme (range = 1–72). Solid black lines indicate areas where the posterior probability of q differing from the mean rate is >95 percent and the dash lines highlight areas that are >90 percent. Lighter areas indicate populations where q is lower than the mean rate, and darker areas indicate populations where q is higher. Diversity rates were significantly lower in Pan troglodytes verus, while many of the populations in the P. t. troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii ranges had significantly higher rates. b Map of q in P. t. verus. Grebo and Sapo (Liberia) had significantly higher diversity rates than the average rate in P. t. verus and Djouroutou (Côte d’Ivoire) had significantly lower rates. Diversity at Mt. Sangbé (Côte d’Ivoire, white area) is also notably low, but not significant. c Map of q in P. t. ellioti, P. t. troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii (collectively ETS). Several sites differed significantly, with P. t. ellioti sites in particular displaying lower diversity rates, but overall q were homogeneous. Rates of q between panels are relative and not directly comparable.