Fig. 5: PIC simulation results. | Communications Physics

Fig. 5: PIC simulation results.

From: Time-resolved optical shadowgraphy of solid hydrogen jets as a testbed to benchmark particle-in-cell simulations

Fig. 5: PIC simulation results.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Spatial distribution of the electron density in the PIC simulation. b The blue star markers shows the spatial distribution of the electron temperature Te at 1 ps delay. The red dashed line marks a temperature of 450 eV. The black dashed line is a guide for the eye to enhance comparability to fig. (a). The red shaded region indicates the coronal plasma. c Temporal evolution of the equivalent temperatures Tn (equation (6)). Thermalization is reached at about 1.5 ps. d Comparison of the PIC simulation (red) and the HD-RT fit (black) to the experiment. The shaded background illustrates the transition from thermal nonequilibrium (red) to thermal equilibrium (transparent).

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