Fig. 1: Seismotectonic background and fault model for the 2023 Türkiye Kahramanmaraş earthquake doublet.

a Regional seismotectonic background. The black solid thick lines show the mapped fault traces, with the red lines indicating the ruptured fault segments during the earthquake doublet, inferred from the inset InSAR result (inset figure, East–West displacement¹). The two red stars mark the epicenters of the M_w 7.8 and M_w 7.6 earthquakes, associated with their corresponding focal mechanisms. The light brown shaded areas show the inferred rupture areas of historic large earthquakes¹². Black squares mark major cities in the region. b Aftershocks constrained fault geometry. Colored dots represent relocated aftershocks²¹, with the corresponding color indicating their depths. The inset shows the dip angle variation of the ruptured fault segments and arrows demonstrate their dip directions. c 3D rendering of the relative prestress ratio R, modulated by complex fault geometry and ambient stress, see details in Methods and Figs. S1 and S2.