Fig. 4: Time of precondition emergence (ToPE) for wildfire drivers: framework and results.
From: Compounding preconditions of wildfires vary in time and space within Europe
a Conceptual framework developed to determine ToPE, illustrating how emergence levels of all driving variables are derived for a threshold of 1 and 2 SDs of the difference between wildfire and non-wildfire conditions. b Example of how ToPE is derived for different variables for the Mediterranean region in summer (JJA). If ToPE does not occur at the 1 or 2 SD threshold level, the dot is plotted at the bottom-right of the individual subplot (e.g., 2 SD for GPP-1M). c ToPE for all variables exceeding the threshold of 1 SD, which is derived from the difference between wildfire and non-wildfire values for the respective variable (color), season (panel), and region (y-axis). Variables with an asterisk (*) in the legend are deficit variables, hatched GPP-1M values represent deficits, and solid-filled GPP-1M values represent surpluses. Faded variables are not significantly different (p-value ≤ 0.05) on wildfire start days compared to non-wildfire days according to the Mann–Whitney U-test.
