Fig. 2: Spatiotemporal dynamics and epidemiological trends of yellow fever virus (YFV) circulation in South America from 2023 to 2025.
From: Reemergence of yellow fever virus in forest and periurban settings in Brazil
a Geographical distribution of confirmed human YFV cases overlaid on a land cover map of South America. Brazil is highlighted with a black border. Red circles indicate reported cases for each respective year (2023, 2024, and 2025); b Number of confirmed YFV cases reported per year by country (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, and Peru). A marked increase in total cases is observed in 2025; c Number of confirmed cases (left) and deaths (right) reported annually by selected Brazilian states. Data highlight rising case numbers in Pará and Minas Gerais, with associated increases in YFV-related mortality.
