Fig. 4: Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in African wildlife with sample sizes ≥30 (n = 27). Blue squares represent study-specific prevalence estimates, with square size proportional to the study weight; horizontal whiskers denote 95% confidence intervals. | npj Antimicrobials and Resistance

Fig. 4: Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in African wildlife with sample sizes ≥30 (n = 27). Blue squares represent study-specific prevalence estimates, with square size proportional to the study weight; horizontal whiskers denote 95% confidence intervals.

From: Prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among wildlife populations in Africa: a systematic review

Fig. 4: Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in African wildlife with sample sizes ≥30 (n = 27). Blue squares represent study-specific prevalence estimates, with square size proportional to the study weight; horizontal whiskers denote 95% confidence intervals.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

The vertical dashed line marks the pooled estimate under the common-effects model, and the red diamond indicates the random-effects pooled prevalence (59%; 95% CI: 34–80%). High heterogeneity was observed (I² = 97.4%).

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