Fig. 6: The forest plot presents nine studies (n = 1128 isolates) reporting multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria from wildlife in Africa.

Each blue square represents an individual study estimate with 95% confidence intervals; the pooled prevalence derived under a random-effects model is shown as a red diamond. The pooled MDR prevalence was 23.1% (95% CI: 10–40%, I² = 95.7%).