Table 2 Analysis of different elemental families and specific compounds not previously characterised in sorghum

From: Non-targeted root exudome profiling reveals genotype-specific strategies for phosphorus use from conventional and recycled sources

Genotype	Hypothesised compound	Formula	m/z	H/C	O/C	Compound function	Reference
CHO elemental family
SC283-14E	Abscisic acid^o	C₁₅H₂₀O₅	280.12	0.33	1.33	Bacteria stimulation Abiotic regulation	Lopes et al.⁸² Yang et al.⁸³, Zandalinas et al.⁸³
SC283-14E	Benzoic acid^c	C₁₄H₁₄O₉	372	0.67	0.54	Microbial stimulation/inhibitor	Liu et al.⁴⁷, Liu et al.⁴⁸, Windisch et al.⁴⁸
SC283-14E	Esculin	C₁₅H₁₆O₉	340	≈1.0	≈0.6	Iron mobilisation	Schmid et al.⁸⁴
SC283-14E	Sinapic acid^d	C₂₂H₂₀O₁₀	546	0.73	0.55	Microbial composition	Badri et al.⁸⁵
SC283-14E	Tartaric acid^c	C₁₄H₂₂O₈	390	1.0	0.6	Bacteria stimulation Phosphorus acquisition Abiotic regulation	Zhang et al.⁵¹ Yu et al.⁵⁰, Wu et al.⁸⁶ Liu et al.⁸⁷
SC648-14E	4-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid	C₁₅H₁₄O₆	352.08	1.00	0.56	Fungi relationship	Modafar et al.⁸⁸, Ziouti et al.⁸⁹
SC648-14E	Caffeic acid^d	C₁₈H₁₆O₈	516	0.75	0.58	Abiotic regulation Bacteria inhibitor	Mughal et al.⁶⁰ Li et al.⁵⁹
SC648-14E	Catechin	C₁₅H₁₄O₆	290.27	≈0.933	0.4	Phosphorus + fungi symbiosis Phytotoxin, allelochemical	Zabinski et al.⁹⁰ Perry et al.⁵⁴
SC648-14E	Citric acid	C₆H₈O₇	192.12	≈1.33	≈1.17	Phosphorus acquisition	Neumann and Römheld⁹¹
SC648-14E	Coumaric acid^d	C₁₈H₁₆O₈	516	0.75	0.58	Microbial stimulation/inhibitor Root-fungi relationship	Zhou and Wu⁵⁸ Ma et al.⁵⁷
SC648-14E	Ferulic acid^e/z	≈C₁₀H₁₀O₄	≈275	1.0–1.5	0.25–0.4	Fungi stimulation	Zhou and Wu⁶², Rahman et al.,²⁴ Jin et al.⁶¹
SC648-14E	Gallic Acid^d	C₁₄H₁₀O₁₀	338.24	≈0.714	≈0.714	Microbial respiration Bacteria chemoattractant	Davies et al.⁹² Ray et al.⁹³
SC648-14E	Protocatechuic acid^d	C₁₄H₁₀O₇	306.24	≈0.714	0.5	Root-fungi relationship P acquisition	Ma et al.⁵⁷ Luo et al.⁹⁴
SC648-14E	Salicylic acid^d	C₁₄H₁₂O₆	276.24	≈0.857	≈0.429	Fungi stimulation	Clocchiatti et al.⁹⁵
CHON elemental family
SC648-14E	Glutamine^c/e	C₅H₁₀N₂O₃	≈250–300	≈2	≈0.3–0.4	Nutrient acquisition Phosphorus acquisition	Tawaraya et al.⁶⁸ De Andrade et al., Edayilam at el.^66,67
SC648-14E	Leucyl-proline^z	≈C₁₁H₂₀N₂O₃	≈288	1.82	0.27	Leucyl: Fungi stimulation Leucyl: Phosphorus acquisition Proline: abiotic regulation	Liu et al.⁹⁶ Tawaraya et al.⁴³ Vives-Peris et al.⁹⁷
SC648-14E	Nicotianamine^z	≈C₁₂H₂₄N₃O₆	≈310	≈2.0	≈0.5	Nutrient acquisition	Chen et al.⁹⁸, Tsednee et al.^98,99
SC648-14E	Phenylalanine^c/e	C₉H₁₁NO₂	≈175–300	≈1.83	≈0.22–0.3	Root signalling Fungi stimulation/inhibition Abiotic regulation	Yu et al.¹⁰⁰ Liu et al.⁹⁶ Sulochana¹⁰¹
SC648-14E	Scopolamine	C₁₇H₂₃NO₃	≈303	≈1.88	≈0.35–0.4	Bacteria relationship	Jousse et al.¹⁰²
SC648-14E	Stearic acid^a/e/o	C₁₈H₃₅NO₂	≈285	≈1.95	≈0.1–0.2	Microbial stimulation/inhibition	Ankati et al.¹⁰³, Mungur et al.¹⁰⁴
CHONS elemental family
BTx623	Cysteine	C₃H₇NO₂S	≈0.67	≈2.33	121.16	Phosphorus acquisition Bacteria relationship	Wu et al.⁸⁶ Mavrodi et al.⁶⁹
BTx623	Methionine	C₅H₁₁NO₂S	0.4	2.2	149.21	Microbial stimulation/inhibition	Liu et al.⁹⁶, Liang et al.¹⁰⁵

Potential compounds derived by their mass to charge ratio (m/z), hydrogen to carbon ratio (H/C) and oxygen to carbon ratio (O/C). The hypothesised compounds and their respective derivatives denoted by superscript letters and include amide (a), conjugate (c), dimer (d), esters (e), oxygenated (o) and other/multiple derivative(s) (z).

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Table 2 Analysis of different elemental families and specific compounds not previously characterised in sorghum

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