Fig. 1: Hypothesized interactions between urban and rural socio-ecosystems to form a rural–urban meta-ecosystem.
From: The dependence of urban tick and Lyme disease hazards on the hinterlands
a,b, Under the assumption that there are more ticks and greater Lyme disease hazard in rural than urban environments (prediction 1), we predict (a) higher likelihoods of ticks and Lyme disease hazard in urban greenspaces where the hinterland has more woodland, less built-up cover and higher tick densities (prediction 2), and where the city has more woodland, less built-up cover (prediction 3) and higher connectivity (prediction 4) to hinterland woodlands. Conversely, we predict (b) lower likelihood of ticks and Lyme disease hazard in urban greenspaces where the hinterland has less woodland, more built-up cover and lower tick densities (prediction 2), and where the city has less woodland, more built-up cover (prediction 3) and lower connectivity (prediction 4) to hinterland woodlands.
