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Nature Index 2024 Research Leaders

The Nature Index 2024 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in Nature Index journals in 2023.

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The dataset for the 2024 Research Leaders includes 77,823 primary research articles from 145 natural- and health-sciences journals.

India’s overall Share for 2023 was 1,507.09 — which is much lower than China’s, at 23,579.07 — but its growth is now mirroring its Asian peer. From 2022 to 2023, India recorded an increase of 16.3% in its Share.

The top ten institutions, which are ranked according to their contributions to the natural- and health-sciences journals tracked by the Nature Index database, feature seven Chinese institutions.

Tables

The 2024 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.

Position	Institution	Share 2022	Share 2023	Count 2023
1	Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China	2054.02	2241.00	7680
2	Harvard University, United States of America (USA)	1173.26	1206.90	3915
3	Max Planck Society, Germany	699.82	652.36	2597
4	University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), China	586.94	651.63	2150
5	University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), China	598.02	645.46	3287

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Leading Institutions

The 2024 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.

Leading countries/territories

The 2024 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.

Position	Country/territory	Share 2022	Share 2023	Count 2023
1	China	20221.74	23579.07	28230
2	United States of America (USA)	21715.88	21168.00	30320
3	Germany	4601.25	4406.24	9553
4	United Kingdom (UK)	3995.62	3814.07	9164
5	Japan	2987.84	3015.83	5268

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Sectors

Position	Institution	Share 2022	Share 2023	Count 2023
1	Harvard University, United States of America (USA)	1173.26	1206.90	3915
2	University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), China	586.94	651.63	2150
3	University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), China	598.02	645.46	3287
4	Tsinghua University, China	555.64	624.09	2147
5	Nanjing University (NJU), China	565.35	620.96	1520

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Leading academic institutions

The 2024 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.

Leading corporate institutions

The 2024 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.

Position	Institution	Share 2022	Share 2023	Count 2023
1	Roche, Switzerland	67.55	60.07	175
2	AstraZeneca, United Kingdom (UK)	46.37	44.00	173
3	IBM, United States of America (USA)	26.82	34.30	96
4	Novartis, Switzerland	26.25	34.07	134
5	Pfizer, United States of America (USA)	33.20	33.39	114

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Position	Institution	Share 2022	Share 2023	Count 2023
1	Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China	2054.02	2241.00	7680
2	French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France	598.10	609.66	4462
3	National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States of America (USA)	447.59	416.44	1175
4	Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spain	196.02	190.70	1594
5	National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Italy	155.43	167.79	875

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Leading government institutions

The 2024 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.

Leading healthcare institutions

The 2024 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.

Position	Institution	Share 2022	Share 2023	Count 2023
1	Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), United States of America (USA)	164.89	190.44	1037
2	Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), United States of America (USA)	179.27	188.21	1051
3	The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT Southwestern Medical Center), United States of America (USA)	157.15	150.71	446
4	Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), CU, United States of America (USA)	98.52	139.07	570
5	Mayo Clinic, United States of America (USA)	152.00	135.29	477

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Position	Institution	Share 2022	Share 2023	Count 2023
1	Max Planck Society, Germany	699.82	652.36	2597
2	Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Germany	514.68	537.09	2794
3	Leibniz Association, Germany	200.53	194.39	1277
4	Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), China	192.13	184.67	515
5	Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Russia	186.17	153.84	509

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Leading NPO/NGO institutions

The 2024 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.

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Subject areas

Position	Institution	Share 2022	Share 2023	Count 2023
1	Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China	261.78	295.19	972
2	Harvard University, United States of America (USA)	219.90	206.59	617
3	Max Planck Society, Germany	154.31	144.80	496
4	National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States of America (USA)	121.79	101.63	261
5	Stanford University, United States of America (USA)	121.73	98.02	282

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Leading institutions in biological sciences

The 2024 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.

Leading institutions in chemistry

The 2024 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.

Position	Institution	Share 2022	Share 2023	Count 2023
1	Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China	590.45	652.25	2030
2	University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), China	220.64	257.40	664
3	University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), China	163.56	176.84	760
4	Nanjing University (NJU), China	160.73	165.08	318
5	Tsinghua University, China	143.11	156.75	435

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Position	Institution	Share 2022	Share 2023	Count 2023
1	Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China	235.51	228.14	801
2	Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Germany	85.07	85.18	285
3	Nanjing University (NJU), China	60.50	76.91	232
4	China Meteorological Administration (CMA), China	54.08	61.67	205
5	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), United States of America (USA)	45.44	54.63	219

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Leading institutions in Earth & environmental sciences

The 2024 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.

Leading institutions in health sciences

The 2024 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.

Position	Institution	Share 2022	Share 2023	Count 2023
1	Harvard University, United States of America (USA)	666.58	721.34	2171
2	National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States of America (USA)	298.41	283.45	832
3	Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China	229.81	237.62	952
4	Stanford University, United States of America (USA)	205.48	196.29	691
5	Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), China	156.44	179.55	472

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Position	Institution	Share 2022	Share 2023	Count 2023
1	Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China	292.25	286.69	1219
2	Max Planck Society, Germany	188.17	170.43	897
3	French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France	141.43	163.34	1312
4	National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Italy	147.19	159.21	830
5	University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), China	112.60	125.63	715

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Leading institutions in physical sciences

The 2024 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.

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