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Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Restricting or permitting H3K27me3 spreading concentrates or dilutes canonical PRC1 (cPRC1), respectively, which affects three-dimensional chromatin interactions. Disruption of cPRC1 compromises repression of Polycomb target genes and induces differentiation and tumor regression in H3K27M-mutant glioma.

The potential similarities in the superconductivity in nickelates and cuprates is a topic of debate. Now a distinct likeness is observed in the electronic properties of these materials, which hints that the microscopic mechanisms may be related.

Autophagic activity has a protective role in Alzheimer’s disease in mice. Here the authors investigate the role of autophagy-initiating protein ULK1 and report that its overexpression stimulates autophagic flux, reduces amyloid and tau pathology and delays cognitive decline.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

This study reports a paralog-selective p300 degrader with potent anti-cancer activity in hematological malignancies, demonstrating a strategy to selectively target transcriptional coactivators through protein degradation.

Using warming microcosms across 100 paired sites, a global meta-analysis and microbiome manipulation experiments, this study shows that agricultural microbiomes confer higher compositional and multifunctionality resistance to warming and can transfer this resistance to natural soils.

This study found COVID-19 vaccination offers added protection against reinfection in children and adolescents with prior infection but variable effectiveness across variants. Findings support vaccination benefits beyond infection-acquired immunity.

Rapid methods to identify antigen-specific T cells are essential for developing targeted immunotherapies. Here the authors present a high-throughput MHC class II single-chain trimer platform for the comprehensive profiling of CD4⁺ T cells, enabling the rapid identification and characterization of virus- and tumour-specific T cell receptors (TCR) at single-cell resolution.

This study develops a platform that enables simultaneous, multiplexed tracing of 30 nitrogen isotope-labelled metabolites, uncovering differences in pyrimidine synthesis pathway choice between primitive and differentiated cells.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

The OCTCube models integrate optical coherence tomography and other imaging modalities to achieve state-of-the-art performance in predicting retinal diseases with strong generalizability across cohorts, devices and modalities.

Multi-ancestry and ancestry-stratified genome-wide analyses identify genetic variants associated with refractive error and enable construction of an enhanced polygenic predictor incorporating functional annotations.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

The cellular origin and developmental trajectory of DICER1 syndrome-associated tumors are currently unknown. Here, the authors employ a lineage-traceable genetically modified mouse model for DICER1 syndrome to identify universal fibroblasts as the likely cellular origin of mouse Dicer1 sarcoma and map their developmental trajectory, findings that are validated in human DICER1 mesenchymal tumors.

Selective iodoplumbate cold casting enables kinetically stabilized hybrid perovskites through control of precursor chemistry and crystallization kinetics. This strategy produces uniform 2D layers that enhance out-of-plane charge transport in 3D:2D bilayer devices, achieving power conversion efficiencies of 25.14% in small-area devices and 22.36% in mini-modules.

Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is an essential metallonuclease found in all three domains of life. Here, the authors present cryoEM structures of Geobacillus stearothermophilus RNase P aporibozyme (apoE) in various states of the catalytic cycle.

According to a data model analysis, dark brown carbon emitted by wildfires exerts radiative effects that can rival or exceed those of black carbon, extending into mid- and high-latitude regions, including the Arctic.

Orbital hybridization and quantum confinement are used to realize Ising-like superconductivity in trilayers of gallium, which alone is probably not strongly enough spin–orbit coupled to host such superconductivity under high in-plane magnetic fields.

Authors demonstrate layer-selective conductor–insulator transitions in twisted bilayer graphene driven by hydrogenation, realising an electrochemical interface with two decoupled 2D electron gases that enables configurable logic gates.

If a surface is hot enough, a liquid droplet can develop an insulating vapour layer that makes it levitate above the surface, which is known as the Leidenfrost effect. A solid structure of liquid-filled capillaries is now shown to display this levitating effect at much lower temperatures.

Disentangling intra- and inter-cellular gene programs is critical to understand tissue behavior in health and disease. Here, authors present Celcomen, a generative graph neural network that leverages causal frameworks for spatial counterfactuals to disentangle these gene programs and model tissue responses to perturbations.

This study explores the clonal architecture of aplastic anemia across age using single-cell approaches. Somatic inactivation of specific human leukocyte antigen risk alleles is a frequent event and often occurs in multiple independent events.

Simulations performed using Quantinuum’s H2 trapped-ion quantum computer for observing thermalization on challenging timescales demonstrate the usefulness of digital quantum computers for investigating continuous-time dynamics in regimes that classical simulation methods find difficult.

The genomewide meta-analysis of lumbar spinal stenosis LSS identifies 73 previously unreported loci in addition to 15 known loci and highlights spinal degeneration as a key pathogenic mechanism. Overall, the findings expand knowledge of the genetic background of LSS.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

The lowest-frequency gravitational wave background may be shaped by supermassive black hole binaries that scatter nearby stars or dark matter. In this case, the NANOGrav 15-year dataset favours dense galactic centres with 10⁶ solar masses per cubic parsec.

tRNA deacylases have evolved as resistance genes towards natural products that contain non-canonical amino acids by preventing their mistranslation. Now a strategy has been developed that leverages tRNA deacylases as class-agnostic genomic markers for amino acid-based biosynthetic gene clusters, identifying thousands of cryptic clusters and enabling the discovery of amino acid-based natural products.

Single-cell transcriptome profiling has been reported for human thymi, but high-resolution spatial information is still lacking. Here the authors use Stereo-seq to report spatial transcriptomic and proteomic information from human fetal and pediatric thymi to provide a useful resource, and to define transcription factor networks regulating rare thymic cell types.

Integrated ultra-violet (UV) light sources are essential for applications from quantum computing to sensing. Here, authors demonstrate a two-orders-of-magnitude increase in UV power generation through efficient frequency up-conversion in record-low loss, sidewall poled lithium niobate waveguides.

Yu, Li and colleagues explore the metabolome of neurons, microglia and astrocytes under normal, ageing and Alzheimer’s disease conditions. They find enrichment of glutathione and polyamine metabolism in microglia, which decreased with ageing and in Alzheimer’s disease.

A deep-tissue light source made from mechanoluminescent transducers stimulated by focused ultrasound enables wide imaging of live animal vasculature, and modulation of neuronal activity and behaviour.

Using an evolutionary optimization approach, the authors report a culture medium that matures stem cell-derived heart cells, improving their structure, metabolism and electrical activity to advance highly functional models for in vitro testing.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Saturation genome editing of RNU4-2 identifies the functional and clinical impact of variants across the entire gene and delineates variants that cause a new recessive neurodevelopmental disorder distinct from ReNU syndrome.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

In vivo adenine base editing corrects a common Pex1 pathogenic allele in mouse models of Zellweger spectrum disorder, rescuing liver pathology, fatty acid levels, body weight and peroxisome function.

Catabolism of extracellular glutathione by γ-glutamyltransferases supports tumour growth and survival, and pharmacological targeting of these enzymes slows tumour growth.

A simple transport model infers a material’s electronic dimensionality from standard transport measurements, revealing temperature-, doping- and alloying-driven shifts between low-dimensional and 3D transport in SrTiO₃, Bi₂O₂Se and Pb_1-xSn_xTe.

CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing is powerful but limited by target range, specificity, and delivery constraints. Here, authors engineer a compact SaCas9 that recognizes NNG PAMs for efficient genome and base editing in cells and mice, and reveal its activation mechanism via cryo-EM structural analysis.

A deep learning framework integrates protein language models, protein interactions and domains, medical knowledge graphs and electronic health records to map variants to phenotypes.

Magnon transport is confined to a plane by sandwiching BiFeO₃ between layers of non-polar antiferromagnetic LaFeO₃, resulting in efficient magnon transport and a higher voltage output through spin–charge conversion that can be controlled using electric fields. These results have implications for electric-field-controlled spin-based memory and logic elements.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Decreased brain volumes and increased NfL levels can be observed earlier than disease diagnosis in short-tandem-repeat-associated neurological diseases.

Two-dimensional (2D) metal halide perovskites exhibit efficient photoinduced emission at room temperature, but control over charge carrier transport remains limited. Here formamidinium-based layered 2D perovskites are developed with high predicted symmetry. The absence of octahedral distortion results in an exciton diffusion length of 2.5 µm.