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Optimizing aerosol emission reductions in China by targeting highly polluted regions can reduce unintended warming from aerosol cleanup, helping balance air quality improvements with near-term climate risks.

Poisonous plants encroachment in grasslands shows stage-dependent ecological thresholds, with early losses in root productivity and biodiversity but partial recovery of multifunctionality beyond 50% coverage, based on analyses of 20 ecosystem variables across 465 standardized field plots.

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) hold therapeutic promise but face challenges of high molecular weight, polarity, and poor drug-like properties. Here, authors develop PLA-based SM-PROTACs that achieve efficient target degradation and superior low-dose, long-term tumor inhibition in vivo

The integration of high-κ dielectrics with low equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) is crucial for the development of 2D transistors. Here, the authors report the low-temperature fabrication of wafer-scale HfO₂ dielectric films with sub-5-Å EOT and their application for the realization of high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors and circuits.

De novo genome assembly and analyses of 12 maize FILs provide insights into genomic and phenotypic differentiation of various heterotic groups and the molecular basis of heterosis in maize.

MCT4 (SLC16A3) deficiency suppresses tumor incidence and metastasis through IGF1 downregulation and immune activation highlighting its potential as a metabolic-immune therapeutic target.

The authors investigate phonon behaviors of buckled two-dimensional GaN, determining the phonon dispersion of buckled two-dimensional GaN, revealing a larger phonon band gap compared to bulk GaN.

Authors identify three types of defect-derived phonon modes in GaN, including localized defect modes, a confined bulk mode, and a fully extended mode. The defects exhibit a smaller phonon energy gap and lower sound speeds, indicating reduced thermal conductivity.

In situ transcriptomics maps RNA expression patterns across intact tissues taking our understanding of gene expression to a new level. Here, the authors present a computational method that uncovers gene expression, cell niche, and tissue region patterns from 2D and 3D spatial transcriptomics.

Zirconium oxide—an industry-compatible high-dielectric-constant oxide—can form a clean interface with two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide, allowing field-effect transistors to be created that offer small threshold voltages, low subthreshold swings and high ON-state currents.

Epigenetic reprogramming involves global loss of DNA methylation, but how this is regulated is not completely understood. Here, Tan et al. run a reverse genetic screen and report that nuclear DNMT1 is finetuned by maternal factor Pramel15 through proteasomal degradation in mouse zygotes.

Zhong et al report sodium-promoted metallic Ru nanoparticles for the direct production of olefins from syngas with ultrahigh carbon efficiency where the total selectivity of undesired CH₄ and CO₂ is suppressed to only 5% for over 500 hours on stream.

In situ spatial transcriptomic analysis of more than 1 million cells are used to create a 200-nm-resolution spatial molecular atlas of the adult mouse central nervous system and identify previously unknown tissue architectures.

Understanding the structures of interfacial active sites is crucial in heterogeneous catalysis. Here the authors demonstrate that a ZrO₂-Ru interface site significantly enhances reactivity in the Fischer-Tropsch to olefins process by altering the H-assisted CO dissociation route due to the presence of hydroxy species associated with Zr-OH*.

Fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea can send sRNAs to plant cells to suppress plant immunity. Here the authors demonstrate that B. cinerea utilizes extracellular vesicles (EVs) to secrete Bc-sRNAs, which are then internalized by plant cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME).

Phonons are thought to transport elastically across most interfaces. Here, the authors show that a substantial portion of phonons transport inelastically, adding another heat conduction channel and enhancing thermal conductance across interfaces.

Despite lung adenocarcinoma having a high global mortality, the genetic mutations present in Asian patients are uncharacterized. Here the authors use genomic and transcriptomic analysis to identify thirteen significantly affected genes, including RHPN2, GLI3, MRC2, TP53 and IQGAP3.

Plants use extracellular vesicles to deliver small RNAs that could silence fungal virulence genes to their fungal pathogens. In this study, the authors profile the components of these extracellular vesicles and investigate regulators contributing to the specific RNA loading and stabilization.

Small RNA-binding ARGONAUTE proteins are important regulators of gene silencing and plant development. Here Zhang et al. identify conserved motifs in ArabidopsisARGONAUTE proteins that determine binding to specific microRNA duplex structures.

The large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea, is an economically important marine fish in China. Here, the authors sequence the draft genome of a wild large yellow croaker and highlight genes that may have played a role in the development of innate immunity in this species.

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages (iMACs) are being used to make chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophages for immunotherapy. Here the authors design a second-generation macrophage-specific CAR by integrating CD3ζ and toll/IL-1R (TIR) domains resulting in an M1-polarized CAR-iMAC with increased antitumor functions.

Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships may vary with climate. Here, the authors study relationships of plant and soil microbial diversity with soil nutrient multifunctionality in 130 dryland sites in China, finding a shift towards greater importance of soil microbial diversity in arid conditions.

AGO2 is a core component of the RNAi machinery and contributes to plant immunity during bacterial infection. Here the authors show that AGO2 activity is suppressed by arginine methylation which not only promotes AGO2 degradation but also recruits TSN proteins to degrade AGO2-associated small RNAs.

Torreya grandis is a gymnosperm species that produces edible seeds with high level of sciadonic acid (SCA). Here, the authors assemble the genome of this species, preform methylone analysis of seeds at different developmental stages, and reveal two key genes involved in SCA biosynthesis.

Point-defect metamaterials have the property of concentrating vibration energy at the defect location. We design an environmental monitoring node based on this property, which can efficiently convert wave kinetic energy into electrical energy for real-time monitoring of the ocean environment.

In Arabidopsis, phosphorylation of EIN2 by TOR kinase in the presence of glucose prevents the nuclear localization of EIN2, showing that the glucose–TOR–EIN2 axis regulates the transcriptome independently of ethylene signalling pathways.

In Arabidopsis and tomato, exudation of myo-inositol by roots is epigenetically controlled by DNA demethylases and is involved in the beneficial recruitment of growth-promoting rhizobacteria.

Huang et al. identify IGF2BPs as an additional class of N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) reader proteins. They find that IGF2BPs selectively bind to m⁶A-containing mRNAs and promote their stability.

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) in human cells highlights the role of RNA-binding proteins, RNA secondary structure and context-dependent m⁶A effects. m⁶A QTLs are enriched in loci associated with immune and blood-related traits.

Activation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor may underlie clinical resistance to inhibition of the anaplastic lymphoma receptor kinase in lung cancer.

Small RNAs (sRNAs) expressed in plants that target the Dicer-like (DCLs) genes of a fungal pathogen are shown to effectively silence the fungal DCLs and reduce pathogenicity after being taken up, demonstrating fungus–plant sRNA trafficking and a new approach for fungus control.

This protocol for imaging-based highly multiplexed in situ profiling of the spatial transcriptome uses three methods: antibody-based protein comapping with STARmap PLUS, ribosome-bound mRNA mapping with RIBOmap and spatiotemporal transcriptome mapping with TEMPOmap.

An intriguing model system of flexible and transparent luminescent epitaxial thin film with highly tunable photoluminescence response is demonstrated by using the mica as substrate. The purely mechanical strain, instead of electric field, control of photoluminescence properties with superior stability, reversibility, and antifatigue behaviors shows promising applications in next-generation lightweight, transparent, flexible, and wearable passive optical devices.