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Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Selecting appropriate treatment for breast cancer is guided by molecular subtypes and clinical characteristics. Here, the authors show that their AI-based approach, which integrates digital pathology images and clinical data, demonstrates robust accuracy in predicting the risk of cancer recurrence across major molecular breast cancer subtypes, including triple negative breast cancer.

MOSAIC is a versatile multimodal microscope that allows seamless transition between various light-sheet, two-photon, label-free and super-resolution modalities. It is demonstrated in various systems ranging from cell culture to mice.

Porous materials are actively researched for iodine adsorption, but the pore characteristics of frameworks required for efficient iodine capture in water are not well understood. Here, the authors construct a series of covalent organic frameworks with triangular pores and different local polarities for efficient iodine capture from aqueous solution.

Programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) has been implicated in thymic regulation of T cell development and function. Here, the authors characterize CD8⁺ T cell development in PD-1–deficient mice and show that PD-1 constrains the emergence of an effector-like program during thymic development, thereby shaping peripheral T cell responses and exhaustion in tumours.

As radiotherapy techniques improve so does the ability to more precisely target glioblastoma while sparing neighboring healthy tissue. Here, the authors present a prospective pilot study evaluating the feasibility of personalized precision radiation guided by machine-learning maps of estimated tumor infiltration and predicted recurrence in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

How low-energy particles are pre-accelerated and injected into the diffusive shock acceleration process has long been a mystery. Here, the authors show the shock discontinuity interaction induces intense electron acceleration and may be a solution.

The potential similarities in the superconductivity in nickelates and cuprates is a topic of debate. Now a distinct likeness is observed in the electronic properties of these materials, which hints that the microscopic mechanisms may be related.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

An ALMA polarization survey towards 30 massive star-forming regions reveals that chaotic turbulence, rather than ordered magnetism, governs the formation of stellar cluster seeds, reshaping our understanding of how the most massive stars are born.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

In fruit flies, vitamin B5 activates Myc-driven Coenzyme A biosynthesis in kidney-like cells, boosting intestinal isoprenoid production to spur stem-cell and tumor growth; human data link this pathway to worse papillary kidney cancer outcomes.

Researchers have found that extreme hot-wet weather in 2024 triggered a spike in ecosystem respiration, mainly in tropical non-forests, significantly reducing the year’s land carbon sink and pushing the atmospheric CO2 growth rate to a record high.

A common rifampicin-resistance mutation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis alters transcription and creates new metabolic vulnerabilities through transcription attenuation, revealing potential targets to combat drug-resistant tuberculosis.

URM1 is an ancient protein modifier whose mechanism in human cells has been unclear. Here, the authors show that NAE1/UBA3 and UBE2M drive URM1 modification, especially during oxidative stress, and that pathway inhibition sensitizes liver cancer cells to cisplatin.

Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry is essential for cellular signalling, yet excessive calcium influx drives disease. Here, authors develop genetically encoded CRAC channel inhibitory binders (CRABs) to precisely modulate Ca²⁺ signalling, with therapeutic potential in channelopathies and cancer immunotherapy.

An electrochromic in-sensor computing architecture enables adaptive, pixel-level spectral compression before readout, reducing data transmission and supporting energy-efficient intelligent vision for edge-computing systems.

Loss of Tmem65 leads to neuromuscular defects due to loss of mitochondrial calcium export. Consistently, blocking mitochondrial calcium entry extends lifespan in Tmem65 knockout mice >10-fold highlighting potential calcium based therapies.

Cas12a2 enables RNA-triggered, sequence-specific killing of eukaryotic cells via widespread DNA shredding, allowing selective elimination of cells on the basis of gene expression, including virus-infected or mutation-bearing cells.

Higher-order interactions are shown to contribute to the decrease in species diversity from low to high latitudes in global forests, potentially explaining why this intricate phenomenon cannot be adequately explained by pairwise interactions alone.

Jena, Qu et al. show that mannadjuvant, a formulation of fungal mannan and aluminum hydroxide, increases the magnitude, durability and breadth of the response elicited by mRNA-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice and non-human primates.

PTCHD1-AS, which encodes a long non-coding RNA, is associated with the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder in humans through striatal molecular and circuit-level dysregulation.

The carbon sink of tropical forests is in part constrained by biomass turnover. This study assesses aboveground biomass turnover in the Amazon and finds that convective storms are the main driver of spatial variation in turnover and future climate impacts will lead to accelerated biomass turnover.

Many hospitalised children with acute illness in low- and middle-income countries experience incomplete recovery, readmission, and post-discharge mortality despite guideline-directed care. Here the authors report multiomic profiling to investigate biological drivers of hospital in-patient and post-discharge mortality in 3,101 acutely ill children across nine sites in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication by transferring signaling macromolecules. Unexpectedly, the author here identifies that adipocyte-specific loss of SMPD3 triggers neighboring preadipocytes to release EVs containing SMPD3 mRNA, restoring SMPD3 expression in genetically null adipocytes.

A Drosophila secretome atlas identifies the tissue origins of circulating proteins, revealing unusual sources, uncharacterized proteins, ectodomain shedding, and candidate mediators of inter-organ communication.

Global forests show extensive tree-cover loss. Here, the authors report that plant attributes and functions can increase under limited tree-cover loss, but also that this safety margin due to edge effects from fragmentation has already been exceeded in 35.7% of forests globally.

Contaminants such as CO₂ and H₂S present in natural gas and biogas streams must be removed before use; existing strategies to do so can be rather complex. Here, the authors use a fluorinated porous metal–organic framework to remove CO₂ and H₂S from CH₄-rich feeds in a single step, potentially simplifying the process.

Improvements in the Articulate Medical Intelligence Explorer, a large language model designed for diagnostic dialogue, enable the model to request, interpret and reason about multimodal medical data.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Multimode optical parametric amplification followed by a mode sorter and a camera enables the real-time measurement of up to 7.9 dB squeezing in multiple spatial modes. For mode superpositions, cluster states are demonstrated and characterized.

Human-driven disturbances intensify and prolong evapotranspiration declines across South American ecosystems, disrupting the water balance and threatening ecological resilience, according to hydrological modelling and remote sensing data.

Government-controlled media influences the output of large language models via their training data, and models queried in the languages of countries with lower media freedom show a stronger pro-regime valence than models queried in the languages of countries with higher media freedom.

Across 17 forest plots (2.7 million trees, 5,400 species), competition dominated overall, but facilitation was relatively stronger near the equator and declined towards higher latitudes, partly linked to temperature, legumes, mycorrhizal associations and canopy nursing effect.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

An outstanding question about the iron-based superconductors has been whether or not their magnetic characteristics are dominated by itinerant or localized magnetic moments. Absolute measurements and calculations of the magnetic response of undoped and Ni-doped BaFe₂As₂ indicate the latter.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

ALS/FTD-linked mutations in UBQLN2, a protein quality control factor, impair degradation of enzymes essential for mitochondrial lipid catabolism, leading to metabolic dysfunction and neurodegeneration.

DNA-sequencing data from primary tumours and paired metastases from participants in the TRACERx lung study and PEACE autopsy programme are used to analyse the metastatic diversity of advanced non-small cell lung cancer and the seeding patterns that underpin it.

In this individual participant data meta-analysis, and across 321,345 smartphone-ratings of affective well-being and nearly 1 million hours of physical activity measurement, Rehder et al. clarify the nature and extent of activity–well-being relations and document their relevance in humans’ everyday life.

Femtosecond laser pulse-induced coherent helicity switching of magnetic vortices in permalloy disks on picosecond timescales is reported.

Multi-ancestry and ancestry-stratified genome-wide analyses identify genetic variants associated with refractive error and enable construction of an enhanced polygenic predictor incorporating functional annotations.

TDP-43 pathology is a key event in ALS/FTD and selectively affects specific neurons in the motor cortex. Here, the authors report which neuron types are affected and demonstrate that transcriptomic changes are cell-type specific.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.