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A drawing-like task designed to study compositional generalization identifies a specific neural population in the ventral premotor cortex in primates that encodes action symbols.

In mice, a next-generation gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy improved survival and motor function more than a Zolgensma-like treatment, with fewer signs of liver and heart toxicity, supporting its promise as a safer, more effective approach.

Quantum simulations of the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics faces hard challenges, such as having to prepare mixed states and enforcing the non-Abelian gauge symmetry constraints. Here, the authors show how to solve the two above problems in a trapped-ion device using motional ancillae and charge-singlet measurements.

Quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories are in principle scalable, but their extension to dynamically coupled matter has proven difficult. In this work, the authors use a variational quantum eigensolver to simulate a non-Abelian LGT including the effects of both gauge fields and dynamical fermions.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

The real space magnetic texture of kagome materials is often complex and temperature dependent. Here, the authors demonstrate spectroscopic access to a single magnetic domain in kagome metal DyMn₆Sn₆ and provide insights into the orbital magnetization.

Arboviruses often co-circulate, but cross-reactivity hampers serological diagnostics. Here, the authors paired multiplex serology with competitive immunoassays and Bayesian modelling to quantify antibody cross-reactivity and extract virus-specific signals from exposure data, enabling reconstruction of transmission dynamics.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

It is challenging to treat emerging organic contaminants such as pharmaceutical compounds. Using the proposed plant-based zirconium–ellagate framework, this study demonstrates high removal efficiencies of emerging organic contaminants from real untampered municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent.

HST and JWST observations of four nearby galaxies show that massive young star clusters disperse their natal gas faster than low-mass clusters, with key implications for star formation, stellar feedback and planet formation models.

Johanns and colleagues report the results (including safety, efficacy and immunogenicity) of a phase 1 clinical trial of a DNA-based personalized therapeutic cancer vaccine administered following surgical resection and radiation in patients with MGMT unmethylated glioblastoma.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Emerging evidence underscores biophysical characteristics of cancer cells as key modulators of cancer metastasis. Here, the authors reported a single-cell mechanophenotyping chip that screens deformable CTCs to reveal the hematogenous metastatic potential of bacteria-infected breast cancer.

Magrinelli et al. link biallelic PSMF1 variants to phenotypes from parkinsonism to perinatal lethality, implicating proteasomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. PI31 loss in fly and mouse models causes age-dependent motor deficits and neurodegeneration.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

Genome-wide analyses identify genetic loci and plasma proteins associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study highlights the hormonal and metabolic foundations of the disease and explores the impact of polygenic risk for PCOS in both sexes.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Multi-ancestry and ancestry-stratified genome-wide analyses identify genetic variants associated with refractive error and enable construction of an enhanced polygenic predictor incorporating functional annotations.

Implanting an electrode into the cortex activates microglia, triggers the foreign body response, and impedes intracortical brain-computer interface. Here, the authors apply low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) after probe insertion to reduce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.

Nonlinear optical responses of semiconductors induced by 150-fs and 4.2-MeV electron pulses are investigated. Sub-10-ps bandgap modulations with intensities up to 24.5% are observed near the bandgap and are explained by the band-filling effect and bandgap renormalization.

Non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions can be used to study lattice physics in a scalable and programmable way.

A general method for synthesizing hierarchical zeolites with open porosity is developed. After loading gold nanoclusters on the open-porosity TS-1 zeolite, intimate contact between gold and titanium active sites is formed, leading to high activity and stability for the direct epoxidation of propylene with H₂ and O₂.

Five transcription factors are sequentially expressed in a temporal cascade in Drosophila medulla neuroblasts of the visual system; cross-regulations between these transcription factors control the temporal transitions, and temporal switching of neural progenitors may be a common theme in neuronal specification, with different sequences of transcription factors being used in different contexts.

Inborn errors of cell death (IECD) with autoinflammatory manifestations could be induced by excessive T cell death. Here the authors characterize IECD patients with autoinflammatory manifestations who possess overactive RIPK1 variants which promote T cell death, secretion of TNF and IFN-γ along with activation of monocytes and macrophages which promotes further autoinflammation.

Spin-orbit effects in non-magnetic semiconductors allow for the manipulation of electronic spins in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Here, the authors exploit a persistent spin helix state in single quantum wells to enhance the coherence length of electronic drift transport.

Interferometers play a key role in precision measurements and metrology. Here, the authors demonstrate a new type of interferometer that replaces the standard beam splitter elements with parametric amplifiers, which provides enhanced performance compared with a Mach–Zehnder interferometer.

Marine heatwaves trigger mass flowering in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica, according to a pan-Mediterranean analysis spanning all Mediterranean ecoregions following extreme marine heatwaves in 2022. The file is available.

In this study, the authors show that autophagy controls blood cell differentiation in a Drosophila model of hematopoiesis. Notch activation depends on the endocytic pathway and promotes crystal cell differentiation, while autophagy reduces Notch accumulation via lysosomal destruction in a nutrient-dependent manner.

Higher harmonic generation can be enhanced in left-handed nonlinear transmission lines. Here Wang et al. show that the presence of a topological edge state in a circuit analogue of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model can increase this enhancement even further.

This Review summarizes the use of topological modes to enable compact laser architectures, alongside emerging research directions involving non-Hermitian band topology, non-linear gain dynamics and quasiperiodic ordering.

The growth of adult and paediatric brain tumours depends on a microenvironmental signalling pathway involving the activity-regulated secretion of neuroligin-3 (NLGN3) from normal neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, highlighting the potential of NLGN3 as a therapeutic target.

The linear dispersion and massless behaviour of excitons have been predicted for two-dimensional materials but have not been experimentally demonstrated. Now this behaviour is observed using momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy.

Experimental tests and computational simulations of a scaled-down specimen of a real steel truss bridge identify and characterize the latent resistance mechanisms following critical failures, demonstrating how loads supported by failed components can be redistributed and enable structure resilience.

This Review discusses global approaches to infectious disease analysis and modeling, focusing on federated methods and addressing long-standing challenges in data interoperability, equity and trust.

Identification of genetic variants associated with the efficacy and side effects of GLP1 medications could underpin development of precision medicine approaches in the treatment of obesity.

The Van Allen radiation belts are two zones of energetic particles encircling the Earth, but how electrons are accelerated to relativistic energies remains unclear. Here, the authors analyse a radiation belt event and provide evidence in favour of the ULF wave-driven radial diffusion mechanism.

HfO₂-based ferroelectric materials are promising for non-volatile memory applications. Here, the authors demonstrate a highly enhanced ferroelectricity in Hf_0.5Zr_0.5O₂/Hf_0.9La_0.1O₂ multilayers, which approach the theoretical limit.

Ibiza, an island in present-day Spain, was under Islamic rule between the 10^th and 13^th centuries CE. Here, the authors analyse the remains of thirteen individuals from medieval Islamic burials in Ibiza, describing their ancestries and pathogens.

A highly porous carbon-based electrode with optimal mechanical and electrochemical properties is implemented in a bioelectronics device for the modulation of cardiomyocyte contraction in vitro, the excitation of heart and retina ex vivo and the stimulation of sciatic nerve in vivo.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

By controlling the flow or composition of liquids, optofluidics provides numerous possibilities for devices, and so has great potential for transformation optics. Here, a multi-mode optofluidic waveguide is presented, which manipulates light to produce controllable chirped focussing and interference.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Microreactors are valued for efficient mixing and precise control in nanoparticle synthesis; however, when encapsulating sensitive proteins and enzymes, conventional fluidic shear causes serious damage and activity loss. Here, the authors show that gas-liquid slug-flow microchannels provide efficient mixing, narrow residence time distribution, and suitable shear compared to single-phase flow microchannels, microstructured continuous stirred-tank reactors, and batch reactors, reporting a low PDI and productivity equivalent to 100 lab-scale batch reactors for the preparation of catalase nanocapsules.

The study describes the use of integrative approaches to search for candidate therapeutic targets for DIPG, and the identification of an HDAC inhibitor as a potential treatment strategy