Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia gene was first identified through its fusion to the gene encoding the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. The promyelocytic leukemia gene product (PML) becomes conjugated in vivo to the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO-1, altering its behavior and capacity to recruit other proteins to PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). In the NB4 cell line, which was derived from an APL patient and expresses PML:RARα, we observed a retinoic acid-dependent change in the modification of specific proteins by SUMO-1. To dissect the interaction of PML with the SUMO-1 modification pathway, we used the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system through expression of PML and human SUMO-1 (hSUMO-1). We found that PML stimulated hSUMO-1 modification in yeast, in a manner that was dependent upon PML's RING-finger domain. PML:RARα also stimulated hSUMO-1 conjugation in yeast. Interestingly, however, PML and PML:RARα differentially complemented yeast Smt3p conjugation pathway mutants. These findings point toward a potential function of PML and PML:RARα as SUMO E3 enzymes or E3 regulators, and suggest that fusion of RARα to PML may affect this activity.
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Abbreviations
- APL:
-
acute promyelocytic leukemia
- ATRA:
-
all-trans-retinoic acid
- PML:
-
promyelocytic leukemia gene product
- PML-NBs:
-
PML-nuclear bodies
- RARα:
-
retinoic acid receptor alpha
- SDS–PAGE:
-
SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SUMO:
-
small ubiquitin-like modifier
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Acknowledgements
This work is dedicated to Byrn Burch who died of leukemia on October 17, 2002. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NICHD/NIH. BB Quimby was supported by a Pharmacology Research Associate Training (PRAT) fellowship. Studies on PML were initiated with support from HFSP Research Grant RG0229/1999-M.
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Quimby, B., Yong-Gonzalez, V., Anan, T. et al. The promyelocytic leukemia protein stimulates SUMO conjugation in yeast. Oncogene 25, 2999–3005 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209335
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209335
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