Abstract
The paediatric glaucomas present some of the greatest clinical challenges. We review the advances in the management of the paediatric glaucomas, which have improved the outlook for these patients and their families. These advances include improvements in diagnosis, investigations, anaesthetic techniques, medical, surgical, and laser therapies.
Log in or create a free account to read this content
Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com
or
References
Papadopoulos M, Khaw PT . Childhood glaucoma. In: Taylor D, Hoyt CS (eds) Pediatric Ophthalmology Strabismus. Elsevier Saunders: Philadelphia, 2005, pp 458–471.
Taylor RH, Ainsworth JR, Evans AR, Levin AV . The epidemiology of pediatric glaucoma: the Toronto experience. J AAPOS 1999; 3: 308–315.
Shaffer RN, Weiss DI . Infantile glaucoma: diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Congenital and Pediatric Glaucomas. CV Mosby: St Louis, 1970, pp 37–59.
Papadopoulos M, Cable N, Rahi J, Khaw PT, The BIG Eye Study Investigators. The British Infantile/Childhood Glaucoma (BIG) Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007, (in press).
Duke-Elder S . System of Ophthalmology. CV Mosby: St Louis, 1969, pp 548–565.
Richardson KT, Ferguson Jr WJ, Shaffer RN . Long-term functional results in infantile glaucoma. Trans Am Acad Ophthamol 1967; 71: 833–836.
Barkan O . Operation for congenital glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 1942; 25: 552–568.
Smith R . A new technique for opening the canal of Schlemm. Preliminary report. Br J Ophthalmol 1960; 44: 370–373.
Smith R . Nylon filament trabeculotomy in glaucoma. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc UK 1962; 82: 439–454.
Burian HM . A case of Marfan's syndrome with bilateral glaucoma: with description of a new type of operation for developmental glaucoma (trabeculotomy ab externo). Am J Ophthalmol 1960; 50: 1187–1192.
Allen L, Burian HM . Trabeculotomy ab externo. A new glaucoma operation: technique and results of experimental surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 1962; 53: 19–26.
Dannheim R, Harms H . Technic, success and mode of action of trabeculotomy. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1969; 155: 630–637.
Sampaolesi R, Caruso R . Ocular echometry in diagnosis of congenital glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 1982; 100: 574–577.
Buschmann W, Bluth K . Eine echographische methode zur verlaufskontrolle angeborener glaukome. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1974; 192: 313–329.
Henriques MJ, Vessani RM, Reis FA, de Almeida GV, Betinjane AJ, Susanna Jr R . Corneal thickness in congenital glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2004; 13: 185–188.
Muir KW, Jin J, Freedman SF . Central corneal thickness and its relationship to intraocular pressure in children. Ophthalmol 2004; 111: 2220–2223.
Brandt JD, Casuso LA, Budenz DL . Markedly increased central corneal thickness: an unrecognised finding in congenital aniridia. Am J Ophthalmol 2004; 137: 348–350.
Whitson JT, Liang C, Godfrey DG, Petroll WM, Cavanagh HD, Patel D et al. Central corneal thickness in patients with congenital aniridia. Eye Contact Lens 2005; 31: 221–224.
Passo MS, Palmer EA, Van Buskirk EM . Plasma timolol in glaucoma patients. Ophthalmol 1984; 91: 1361–1363.
International Glaucoma Association. www.iga.org.uk.
Ott EZ, Mills MD, Arango S, Getson AJ, Assaid CA, Adamsons IA . A randomized trial assessing dorzolamide in patients with glaucoma who are younger than 6 years. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 123: 1177–1186.
Portellos M, Buckley EG, Freedman SF . Topical vs oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor therapy for pediatric glaucoma. J AAPOS 1998; 2: 43–47.
Enyedi LB, Freedman SF . Latanoprost for the treatment of pediatric glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2002; 47 (Suppl 1): S129–S132.
Yang CB, Freedman SF, Myers JS, Buckley EG, Herndon LW, Allingham RR . Use of latanoprost in the treatment of glaucoma associated with Sturge–Weber syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1998; 126: 600–602.
Ong T, Chia A, Nischal KK . Latanoprost for the treatment of paediatric glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87: 1091–1093.
Brown SM . Increased iris pigment in a child due to latanoprost. Arch Ophthalmol 1998; 116: 1683–1684.
Winter R . Technical modification in goniotomy using high viscous hyaluronic acid. Dev Ophthalmol 1985; 11: 136–138.
Hodapp E, Heuer DK . A simple technique for goniotomy. Am J Ophthalmol 1986; 102: 537.
Arnoult JB, Vila-Coro AA, Mazow ML . Goniotomy with sodium hyaluronate. J Ped Ophthalmol Strabismus 1988; 25: 18–22.
Tamçelik N, Õzkiri° A . A comparison of viscogoniotomy with classical goniotomy in Turkish patients. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004; 48: 404–407.
Senft SH, Tomey KF, Traverso CE . Neodymium-YAG laser goniotomy vs surgical goniotomy. Arch Ophthalmol 1989; 107: 1773–1776.
Joos KM, Shen JH . An ocular endoscope enables a goniotomy despite a cloudy cornea. Arch Ophthalmol 2001; 119: 134–135.
Beck AD, Lynch MG . 360° trabeculotomy for primary congenital glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 1995; 113: 1200–1202.
Mendicino ME, Lynch MG, Drack A, Beck AD, Harbin T, Pollard Z et al. Long-term surgical and visual outcomes in primary congenital glaucoma: 360° trabeculotomy vs goniotomy. J AAPOS 2000; 4: 205–210.
Gloor BRP . Risks of 360 degree suture trabeculotomy. Ophthalmologe 1998; 95: 100–103.
Beauchamp GR, Parks MM . Filtering surgery in children: barriers to success. Ophthalmol 1979; 86: 170–180.
Gressel MG, Heuer DK, Parrish RK . Trabeculectomy in young patients. Ophthalmol 1984; 91: 1242–1246.
Tanimoto SA, Brandt JD . Options in pediatric glaucoma after angle surgery has failed. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2006; 17: 132–137.
Sidoti PA, Belmonte SJ, Liebmann JM, Ritch R . Trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C in the treatment of pediatric glaucomas. Ophthalmol 2000; 107: 422–429.
Wells AP, Cordeiro MF, Bunce CV, Khaw PT . Cystic bleb formation and related complications in limbus vs fornix based conjunctival flaps in pediatric and young adult trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Ophthalmol 2003; 110: 2192–2197.
Jones E, Clarke J, Khaw PT . Recent advances in trabeculectomy technique. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2005; 16: 107–113.
Khaw PT, Sarodia U . Achieving the perfect post operative conjunctiva. Glaucoma Today 2007; 5: 32–34.
Beck AD, Freedman S, Kammer J, Jin J . Aqueous shunt devices compared with trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for children in the first two years of life. Am J Ophthalmol 2003; 136: 994–1000.
Hill R, Orhanesian R, Voskanyan L, Malayan A . The Armenian Eye Care Project: surgical outcomes of complicated paediatric glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87: 673–676.
Sherwood MB, Smith MF . Prevention of early hypotony associated with Molteno implants by a new occluding stent technique. Ophthalmol 1993; 100: 85–90.
Phelan MJ, Higginbotham EJ . Contact transcleral Nd:YAG laser cyclophotocoagulation for the treatment of refractory pediatric glaucoma. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1995; 26: 401–403.
Wagle NS, Freedman SF, Buckley EG, Davis JS, Biglan AW . Long term outcome of cyclocryotherapy for refractory pediatric glaucoma. Ophthalmol 1998; 105: 1921–1927.
Bock CJ, Freedman SF, Buckley EG, Shields MB . Transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation for refractory pediatric glaucomas. J Ped Ophthalmol Strabismus 1997; 34: 235–239.
Kirwan JF, Shah P, Khaw PT . Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation: role in the management of refractory pediatric glaucomas. Ophthalmol 2002; 109: 316–323.
Neely DE, Plager DA . Endocyclophotocoagulation for management of difficult pediatric glaucomas. J AAPOS 2001; 5: 221–229.
Acknowledgements
Our paediatric research is supported by the Guide Dogs for the blind, Fight for Sight, the International Glaucoma Association, Moorfields Trustees, the Daily Telegraph appeal, the Haymans Trust, Ron and Liora Moskovitz, and the Helen Hamlyn Trust in memory of Paul Hamlyn. This work was also supported by the Department of Health's National Institute for Health Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology and the UK Ophthalmic Research Network. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Health.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Papadopoulos, M., Khaw, P. Advances in the management of paediatric glaucoma. Eye 21, 1319–1325 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6702850
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6702850
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Medical management of pediatric glaucoma: lessons learned from randomized clinical trials
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology (2020)
-
Combined trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy: outcome for primary congenital glaucoma in a West African population
Eye (2011)
-
Long-term results of combined viscotrabeculotomy–trabeculectomy in refractory developmental glaucoma
Eye (2010)
