Abstract
Genetic mutations affecting mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins cause human neurological disorders, but are assumed to be well tolerated in yeast. The conserved mitochondrial fission protein Dnm1/Drp1 is required for normal mitochondrial division, but also promotes cell death in mammals and yeast. Fis1, an outer mitochondrial membrane-anchored receptor for Dnm1/Drp1, also can promote cell death in mammals, but appears to have prosurvival activity in yeast. Here we report that deletion of the FIS1 gene in yeast consistently results in acquisition of a secondary mutation that confers sensitivity to cell death. In several independently derived FIS1 knockouts, tiling arrays and genomic sequencing identified the secondary mutation as a premature termination in the same stress-response gene, WHI2. The WHI2 mutation rescues the mitochondrial respiratory defect (petite formation) caused by FIS1 deficiency, but also causes a failure to suppress cell growth during amino-acid deprivation. Thus, loss of Fis1 drives the selection for specific compensatory mutations that confer defective growth control and cell death regulation, characteristic of human tumor cells. The important long-term survival function of Fis1 that is compensated by WHI2 mutation appears to be independent of fission factor Dnm1/Drp1 and its adaptor Mdv1, but may be mediated through a second adaptor Caf4, as WHI2 is also mutated in a CAF4 knockout.
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Accession codes
Abbreviations
- CAF4 :
-
CCR4 associated factor
- CSH:
-
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
- G418R:
-
G418 resistant
- ME:
-
Methods in Enzymology
- SCD:
-
synthetic complete dextrose medium
- WHI2 :
-
whiskey 2
- YKO:
-
yeast knockout
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Acknowledgements
We thank Jef D Boeke and Xuewen Pan for helpful discussions and reagents. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants RO1 GM077875 (JMH) and GM071508 (MJD).
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Cheng, WC., Teng, X., Park, H. et al. Fis1 deficiency selects for compensatory mutations responsible for cell death and growth control defects. Cell Death Differ 15, 1838–1846 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2008.117
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2008.117
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