Figure 4

SeC enhances AF-induced DNA damage. (a) SeC enhances AF-induced phosphorylation of p53 and histone. Cells after treatment were examined via western blotting method. (b) SeC enhances AF-induced DNA damage as evidenced by comet assay at the single-cell level. Cells after treatment were immediately analyzed by Comet assay as described in section of Materials and Methods. The length of tail reflects the DNA damages in cells. (c) Representative images of DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation in A549 cells exposed to 8 μM SeC and/or 6 μM AF. Cells cultured in chamber slides were treated with 8 μM SeC in combination with 6 μM AF and fixed with formaldehyde. Nuclear staining in A549 cells were detected by TUNEL and DAPI staining assay (magnification, × 200). (d) Time-dependent effects of SeC on expression of phosphorylated p53 and phosphorylated histone in A549 cells. Cells were treated with 8 μM SeC for indicated time and western blotting method was used to detect the protein expression. All data here are expressed as means±S.D. of triplicates. (e) Temporal changes in the expression levels of phosphorylated ERK, AKT, and p53 in cells exposed to SeC and AF. All images shown here are representative of three independent experiments with similar results