Abstract
Electrophoretic analysis of protein variation at the coagulation F13B locus has previously revealed three alleles, with alleles 1, 2, and 3 each being at high frequency in European, African, and Asian populations, respectively. To determine if this unusual pattern of interpopulation differentiation reflects local natural selection or neutral genetic drift, we re-sequenced 4.6 kb of the gene, encompassing all exons, splice junctions, and 1.4 kb of the promoter, in African, European, and Asian samples. These analyses revealed three major lineages, which correspond to the common protein alleles and differ from each other at a non-synonymous substitution in exon 3 and a novel splice acceptor in intron K. There is previous evidence that these lineages are not functionally equivalent; we therefore carried out case–control analyses and confirmed that variability at F13B modulates susceptibility and/or survivorship in coronary artery disease (P<0.05) and type II diabetes within the coronary artery disease cohort (P<0.01). Tajima's D and Fu and Li's tests did not indicate significant departures from neutral expectations. However, publicly available data from SeattleSNPs and HapMap do indicate highly unusual levels of population differentiation (P=0.003) and an excess of allele-specific, extended haplotype homozygosity within the African population (P=0.0125). Possible causes of this putative signal of selection include hematophagous organisms, infection by pathogens that cause disseminated intravascular coagulation, and metabolic or dietary factors.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Ryk Ward (Oxford University), Manfred Kayser (MPI, Leipzig), Lutz Röwer (Humboldt-Universität, Berlin), Ilyas Kamboh (University of Pittsburgh) and numerous volunteers for the provision of samples for this study. RAS Ariëns (University of Leeds) kindly provided details of some of the primers and PCR conditions used in this study. The technical assistance of Karsten Schwarz, Birgit Nickel and Barbara Höffner (MPI, Leipzig) and sample collection by Edel Duggan (TCD, Ireland) are gratefully acknowledged. This project was supported by funds from the Max Planck Society, Germany, Hitachi Europe Ltd and the Higher Education Authority Program for Research in Third Level Institutions (PRTLI), Ireland.
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Ryan, A., Hughes, D., Tang, K. et al. Natural selection and the molecular basis of electrophoretic variation at the coagulation F13B locus. Eur J Hum Genet 17, 219–227 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2008.137
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2008.137
