Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships of numerous branches within the core Y-chromosome haplogroup R-M207 support a West Asian origin of haplogroup R1b, its initial differentiation there followed by a rapid spread of one of its sub-clades carrying the M269 mutation to Europe. Here, we present phylogeographically resolved data for 2043 M269-derived Y-chromosomes from 118 West Asian and European populations assessed for the M412 SNP that largely separates the majority of Central and West European R1b lineages from those observed in Eastern Europe, the Circum-Uralic region, the Near East, the Caucasus and Pakistan. Within the M412 dichotomy, the major S116 sub-clade shows a frequency peak in the upper Danube basin and Paris area with declining frequency toward Italy, Iberia, Southern France and British Isles. Although this frequency pattern closely approximates the spread of the Linearbandkeramik (LBK), Neolithic culture, an advent leading to a number of pre-historic cultural developments during the past ≤10 thousand years, more complex pre-Neolithic scenarios remain possible for the L23(xM412) components in Southeast Europe and elsewhere.
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Acknowledgements
We thank all the men who donated DNA samples used in this study. We thank Vincent Vizachero for alerting us to the potential of M520, M529, S116, L11, L23 SNPs and for insight regarding the DYS390, 19 repeat allele and M73. Professor Joachim Hallmayer provided laboratory facilities for PAU and AAL. This research was supported by the European Union European Regional Development Fund through the Centre of Excellence in Genomics, Estonian Biocentre and Tartu University, Estonian Science Foundation Grant no. 7445 (to SR) and Estonian Basic Research Grant SF 0270177s08 (to RV) and by the Artur Lind scholarship from the Estonian Genome Foundation (to MJ) and the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Grant 196-1962766-2751 (to PR) and the grants of the Russian foundation for basic research 10-06-00451 and 10-07-00515 to OB and AP. We thank Scott R Woodward and the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation for providing support for AAL and PAU. RJK was supported by a grant from the Stanford-France Interdisciplinary Program. JC was supported by a grant from the ANR Project AFGHAPOP, no. BLAN07-3_222301, CSD 9.
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Myres, N., Rootsi, S., Lin, A. et al. A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe. Eur J Hum Genet 19, 95–101 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2010.146
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2010.146
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