Abstract
Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations of the SMN1 gene. Based on severity, three forms of SMA are recognized (types I–III). All patients usually have 2–4 copies of a highly homologous gene (SMN2), which produces insufficient levels of functional survival motor neuron (SMN) protein due to the alternative splicing of exon 7. The availability of potential candidates to the treatment of SMA has raised a number of issues, including the availability of biomarkers. This study was aimed at evaluating whether the quantification of SMN2 products in peripheral blood is a suitable biomarker for SMA. Forty-five adult type III patients were evaluated by Manual Muscle Testing, North Star Ambulatory Assessment scale, 6-min walk test, myometry, forced vital capacity, and dual X-ray absorptiometry. Molecular assessments included SMN2 copy number, levels of full-length SMN2 (SMN2-fl) transcripts and those lacking exon 7 and SMN protein. Clinical outcome measures strongly correlated to each other. Lean body mass correlated inversely with years from diagnosis and with several aspects of motor performance. SMN2 copy number and SMN protein levels were not associated with motor performance or transcript levels. SMN2-fl levels correlated with motor performance in ambulant patients. Our results indicate that SMN2-fl levels correlate with motor performance only in patients preserving higher levels of motor function, whereas motor performance was strongly influenced by disease duration and lean body mass. If not taken into account, the confounding effect of disease duration may impair the identification of potential SMA biomarkers.
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Acknowledgements
The present study is dedicated to the memory of Christina Brahe. We are grateful to the SMA Foundation for kindly providing SMN ELISA kits, and to Dr Dione Kobayashi, Professor Eugenio Mercuri, and Dr Enrico Bertini for critical comments on the manuscript. We are extremely grateful to the patients and their families. The study was funded by the Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA). Carla Angelozzi has been granted by ASAMSI.
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FDT and LM had full access to all study data and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the analyses.
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Tiziano, F., Lomastro, R., Di Pietro, L. et al. Clinical and molecular cross-sectional study of a cohort of adult type III spinal muscular atrophy patients: clues from a biomarker study. Eur J Hum Genet 21, 630–636 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2012.233
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2012.233
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