Abstract
The dissection of S116 in more than 1500 individuals from Atlantic Europe and the Iberian Peninsula has provided important clues about the controversial evolutionary history of M269. First, the results do not point to an origin of M269 in the Franco–Cantabrian refuge, owing to the lack of sublineage diversity within M269, which supports the new theories proposing its origin in Eastern Europe. Second, S116 shows frequency peaks and spatial distribution that differ from those previously proposed, indicating an origin farther west, and it also shows a high frequency in the Atlantic coastline. Third, an outstanding frequency of the DF27 sublineage has been found in Iberia, with a restricted distribution pattern inside this peninsula and a frequency maximum in the area of the Franco–Cantabrian refuge. This entire panorama indicates an old arrival of M269 into Western Europe, because it has generated at least two episodes of expansion in the Franco–Cantabrian area. This study demonstrates the importance of continuing the dissection of the M269 lineage in different European populations because the discovery and study of new sublineages can adjust or even completely revise the theories about European peopling, as has been the case for the place of origin of M269.
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Acknowledgements
Funds were provided by the Basque Government (IT-424-07). LV received a postdoctoral grant from the Basque Government (DKR-2012-439), applied through the Ikerbasque Foundation. The authors are deeply indebted to Emmanuelle Génin, Dan Bradley, Kevin Kenna, the Basque Foundation of Science (BIOEF), the Spanish National DNA Bank, SGIker (UPV/EHU, MICINN, GV/EJ, ERDF and ESF) and to all the people who voluntarily participated in this study.
Author contributions
LV and MMP conceived the study. JA, SC, KR, CF, OH, SJ, MFP, BMJ, JO, NM and MMP contributed samples/materials. LV, MJI, PV, AMG, AG and JO analysed the samples. LV analysed the data. LV and MMP wrote the manuscript. All co-authors reviewed the manuscript before submission.
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JA and SC are employed by the commercial company Progenika Biopharma SA (Grifols, Derio, Spain). This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the policies on sharing data and materials. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Valverde, L., Illescas, M., Villaescusa, P. et al. New clues to the evolutionary history of the main European paternal lineage M269: dissection of the Y-SNP S116 in Atlantic Europe and Iberia. Eur J Hum Genet 24, 437–441 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2015.114
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2015.114
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