Abstract
Purpose
Idiopathic and diabetic epiretinal membranes (ERMs) differ significantly in terms of macular morphology. Our aim was to compare the photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) length in diabetic and idiopathic ERMs before and after surgery.
Methods
Fifty-two eyes of 50 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) due to idiopathic and diabetic ERMs were included in this retrospective case series. All of the patients underwent ERM and internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal. The patients had been followed up 6 months postoperatively. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure the PROS length, overall PR length and central foveal thickness (CFT).
Results
The PROS length, overall PR length, and CFT were statistically significantly lower at all the postoperative visits when compared to preoperative values in both the idiopathic and diabetic ERM groups (P<0.001). The amount of decrease in PROS and overall PR length were similar in both groups after surgery (P>0.05). There was no relation between amount of PROS length change and visual acuity gain in both groups (P>0.05).
Conclusions
Postoperative change of PROS length was similar in idiopathic and diabetic ERMs. PROS length change may not be an indicator of postoperative visual acuity.
Similar content being viewed by others
Log in or create a free account to read this content
Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com
or
References
Joshi M, Agrawal S, Christoforidis JB . Inflammatory mechanisms of idiopathic epiretinal membrane formation. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013: 192582.
Hiscott PS, Grierson I, McLeod D . Natural history of fibrocellular epiretinal membranes: a quantitative, autoradiographic, and immunohistochemical study. Br J Ophthalmol 1985; 69: 810–823.
Harada C, Mitamura Y, Harada T . The role of cytokines and trophic factors in epiretinal membranes: involvement of signal transduction in glial cells. Prog Retin Eye Res 2006; 25: 149–164.
Appiah AP, Hirose T . Secondary causes of premacular fibrosis. Ophthalmology 1989; 96: 389–392.
Srinivasan VJ, Wojtkowski M, Witkin AJ, Duker JS, Ko TH, Carvalho M et al. High-definition and 3-dimensional imaging of macular pathologies with high speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2006; 113: 2054.e1–2054.14.
Forooghian F, Stetson PF, Meyer SA, Chew EY, Wong WT, Cukras C et al. Relationship between photoreceptor outer segment length and visual acuity in diabetic macular edema. Retina 2010; 30: 63–70.
Pappuru RR, Ouyang Y, Nittala MG, Hemmati HD, Keane PA, Walsh AC et al. Relationship between outer retinal thickness substructures and visual acuity in eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52: 6743–6748.
Shimozono M, Oishi A, Hata M, Kurimoto Y . Restoration of the photoreceptor outer segment and visual outcomes after macular hole closure: spectral-domain optical coherence tomography analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 249: 1469–1476.
Asaria R, Garnham L, Gregor ZJ, Sloper JJ . A prospective study of binocular visual function before and after successful surgery to remove a unilateral epiretinal membrane. Ophthalmology 2008; 115: 1930–1937.
Shimozono M, Oishi A, Hata M, Matsuki T, Ito S, Ishida K et al. The significance of cone outer segment tips as a prognostic factor in epiretinal membrane surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 2012; 153: 698–704.
Yazici AT, Alagöz N, Celik HU, Bozkurt E, Alagöz C, Cakir M et al. Idiopathic and secondary epiretinal membranes: do they differ in terms of morphology? An optical coherence tomography-based study. Retina 2011; 31: 779–784.
Suh MH, Seo JM, Park KH, Yu HG . Associations between macular findings by optical coherence tomography and visual outcomes after epiretinal membrane removal. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 147: 473–480.
Inoue M, Morita S, Watanabe Y, Kaneko T, Yamane S, Kobayashi S et al. Inner segment/outer segment junction assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane. Am J Ophthalmol 2010; 150: 834–839.
Shiono A, Kogo J, Klose G, Takeda H, Ueno H, Tokuda N et al. Photoreceptor outer segment length: a prognostic factor for idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery. Ophthalmology 2013; 120: 788–794.
Gao W, Cense B, Zhang Y, Jonnal RS, Miller DT . Measuring retinal contributions to the optical Stiles-Crawford effect with optical coherence tomography. Opt Express 2008; 16: 6486–6501.
Zagers NP, Pot MC, van Norren D . Spectral and directional reflectance of the fovea in diabetes mellitus: photoreceptor integrity, macular pigment and lens. Vision Res 2005; 45: 1745–1753.
DeLint PJ, Vos JJ, Berendschot TT, van Norren D . On the Stiles-Crawford effect with age. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997; 38: 1271–1274.
Lardenoye CW, Probst K, DeLint PJ, Rothova A . Photoreceptor function in eyes with macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41: 4048–4053.
Shin YU, Cho HY, Lee BR . Outer photoreceptor layer thickness mapping in normal eyes and eyes with various macular diseases using spectral domain optical coherence tomography: a pilot study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 251: 2529–2537.
Kim HJ, Kang JW, Chung H, Kim HC . Correlation of foveal photoreceptor integrity with visual outcome in idiopathic epiretinal membrane. Curr Eye Res 2014; 39: 626–633.
Itoh Y, Inoue M, Rii T, Hirota K, Hirakata A . Correlation between foveal cone outer segment tips line and visual recovery after epiretinal membrane surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54: 7302–7308.
Cobos E, Arias L, Ruiz-Moreno J, Rubio M, Garcia-Bru P, Caminal J et al. Preoperative study of the inner segment/outer segment junction of photoreceptors by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography as a prognostic factor in patients with epiretinal membranes. Clin Ophthalmol 2013; 7: 1467–1470.
Wilkins JR, Puliafito CA, Hee MR, Duker JS, Reichel E, Coker JG et al. Characterization of epiretinal membranes using optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 1996; 103: 2142–2151.
Romano MR, Romano V, Vallejo-Garcia JL, Vinciguerra R, Romano M, Cereda M et al. Macular hypotrophy after internal limiting membrane removal for diabetic macular edema. Retina 2014; 34: 1182–1189.
Ahn SJ, Ahn J, Woo SJ, Park KH . Photoreceptor change and visual outcome after idiopathic epiretinal membrane removal with or without additional internal limiting membrane peeling. Retina 2014; 34: 172–181.
Kang KT, Kim KS, Kim YC . Surgical results of idiopathic and secondary epiretinal membrane. Int Ophthalmol 2014; 34: 1227–1232.
DeMarchis EH, Pershing S, Moshfeghi DM . Clinical-pathologic correlation: vitrectomy with epiretinal and internal limiting membrane peel. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2014; 45: 218–221.
Grimbert P, Lebreton O, Weber M . Optical coherence tomography and microperimetry after internal limiting membrane peeling forepiretinal membrane. J Fr Ophtalmol 2014; 37: 434–441.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yüksel, K., Karaküçük, Y., Özkaya, A. et al. Comparison of photoreceptor outer segment length in diabetic and idiopathic epiretinal membranes. Eye 29, 1446–1452 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2015.133
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2015.133
This article is cited by
-
Optical coherence tomography biomarkers of photoreceptor degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa
International Ophthalmology (2021)
-
The natural course of idiopathic epiretinal membranes with optical coherence tomography follow-up
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology (2016)


