Table 3 Proportion of infants with individual adverse neonatal outcomes according to maternal BMI and depression status (current or previous history), Ontario, Canada, 2007–2010
From: The combined effects of maternal depression and excess weight on neonatal outcomes
Variable | Healthy weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg m–2) | Overweight/obese (BMI ⩾25 k g m–2) | P-value | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Not depressed | Depressed | Not depressed | Depressed | ||||||||||
Mean (s.d.) | No. | % | Mean (s.d.) | No. | % | Mean (s.d.) | No. | % | Mean (s.d.) | No. | % | ||
Stillbirth | 154 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.5 | 162 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.85 | ||||
Neonatal death | 25 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 | 0.24 | ||||
Preterm delivery | 2016 | 6.0 | 127 | 7.2 | 2183 | 6.6 | 182 | 8.2 | <0.001 | ||||
Low birth weight (<2500 g) | 1624 | 4.9 | 91 | 5.2 | 1462 | 4.4 | 87 | 3.9 | 0.006 | ||||
SGA <3% | 804 | 2.4 | 25 | 1.4 | 623 | 1.9 | 35 | 1.6 | <0.001 | ||||
SGA <5% | 1398 | 4.2 | 51 | 2.9 | 1066 | 3.2 | 63 | 2.9 | <0.001 | ||||
SGA <10% | 3180 | 9.6 | 151 | 8.6 | 2314 | 7.0 | 140 | 6.3 | <0.001 | ||||
Macrosomia (>4500 g) | 377 | 1.1 | 30 | 1.7 | 928 | 2.8 | 73 | 3.3 | <0.001 | ||||
LGA >90% | 2624 | 7.9 | 180 | 10 | 4708 | 14 | 358 | 16 | <0.001 | ||||
LGA >95% | 1158 | 3.5 | 85 | 4.9 | 2513 | 7.6 | 204 | 9.3 | <0.001 | ||||
LGA >97% | 670 | 2.0 | 47 | 2.7 | 1588 | 4.8 | 134 | 6.1 | <0.001 | ||||
Neonatal intensive care unit admission | 1399 | 5.5 | 93 | 6.4 | 1718 | 6.2 | 133 | 7.0 | 0.001 | ||||
Newborn resuscitationa | 4920 | 15 | 427 | 25 | 6141 | 19 | 565 | 26 | <0.001 | ||||
Phototherapy | 702 | 3.2 | 61 | 4.8 | 943 | 4.0 | 91 | 5.6 | <0.001 | ||||
Shoulder dystocia | 416 | 1.3 | 29 | 1.7 | 516 | 1.6 | 40 | 1.8 | 0.002 | ||||
Infant feeding at discharge | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
Breastmilk only | 16 299 | 69 | 881 | 65 | 16 177 | 62 | 997 | 57 | |||||
Formula only | 2377 | 10 | 203 | 15 | 3536 | 14 | 302 | 17 | |||||
Breastmilk and formula | 5010 | 21 | 268 | 20 | 6332 | 24 | 460 | 26 | |||||
Other | 18 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | 28 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | |||||
Apgar at 1 min | 8.37 (1.46) | 8.08 (1.67) | 8.25 (1.55) | 7.96 (1.74) | <0.001 | ||||||||
Apgar at 5 min | 8.88 (0.83) | 8.81 (0.89) | 8.86 (0.90) | 8.79 (0.90) | <0.001 | ||||||||
Gestational age | 39.0 (1.8) | 38.9 (1.8) | 38.9 (1.9) | 38.8 (1.9) | <0.001 | ||||||||
Arterial cord pH | 7.26 (0.08) | 7.26 (0.08) | 7.25 (0.08) | 7.26 (0.08) | 0.77 | ||||||||
Arterial base excess | −4.61 (3.67) | −4.46 (3.64) | −4.46 (3.80) | −4.07 (3.56) | <0.001 | ||||||||
Venous cord pH | 7.33 (0.06) | 7.32 (0.07) | 7.33 (0.07) | 7.33 (0.07) | <0.001 | ||||||||
Venous base excess | −3.80 (2.73) | −3.93 (2.82) | −3.76 (2.87) | −3.67 (2.89) | 0.089 | ||||||||
