Table 3 Associations in girls of BMI Z-score, waist circumference Z-score, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio with cardiovascular risk factors (N=210)

From: Comparison of anthropometric measurements in children to predict metabolic syndrome in adolescence: analysis of prospective cohort data

Dependent variable

Model

Unstandardized B (95% CI)

Beta

Adjusted R 2

P-value

BMI Z-score

 SBP (mm Hg)

1

2.60 (1.40,3.80)

0.32

0.19

<0.001

 

2

2.76 (1.55,3.95)

0.3

0.2

<0.001

 DBP (mm Hg)

1

−0.41 (−1.26,−0.44)

−0.07

0.01

0.34

 

2

−0.14 (−0.97,0.69)

−0.06

0.1

0.74

 LDL-c (mm Hg)

1

0.06 (−0.02,0.14)

0.11

0.04

0.13

 

2

0.07 (−0.01,0.15)

0.17

0.06

0.08

 HDL-c (mmol l−1)

1

−0.91 (−0.13,−0.05)

−0.3

0.13

<0.001

 

2

−0.90 (−0.13,−0.05)

−0.27

0.15

<0.001

 Trigs (mmol l−1)

1

0.10 (0.04,0.16)

0.23

0.05

0.003

 

2

0.10 (0.04,0.16)

0.27

0.06

0.003

 HOMA

1

0.72 (0.46,0.97)

0.4

0.17

<0.001

 

2

0.72 (0.46,0.98)

0.4

0.19

<0.001

Waist Z-score

 SBP (mm Hg)

1

1.13 (0.37,1.89)

0.22

0.34

0.004

 

2

1.34 (0.54,2.12)

0.21

0.38

0.001

 DBP (mm Hg)

1

−0.66 (−1.19,−0.14)

−0.2

0.04

0.02

 

2

−0.41 (−0.95.0.12)

−0.18

0.11

0.13

 LDL-c (mmol l−1)

1

0.03 (−0.02,0.08)

0.08

0.03

0.29

 

2

0.04 (−0.01,0.09)

0.17

0.05

0.15

 HDL-c (mmol l−1)

1

−0.07 (−0.09,−0.05)

−0.38

0.17

<0.001

 

2

−0.70 (−0.10,−0.05)

−0.37

0.19

<0.001

 Trigs (mmol l−1)

1

0.06 (0.02,0.10)

0.23

0.05

0.003

 

2

0.07 (0.02,0.11)

0.3

0.06

0.002

 HOMA

1

0.52 (0.36,0.67)

0.48

0.22

<0.001

 

2

0.55 (0.39,0.70)

0.51

0.25

<0.001

W:H (cm:cm)

 SBP (mm Hg)

1

10.05 (−12.35,32.43)

0.04

0.28

0.37

 

2

13.87 (−11.39,38.43)

0.06

0.31

0.28

 DBP (mm Hg)

1

−17.81(−32.47,−5.15)

−0.2

0.04

0.02

 

2

−9.65 (−25.73,6.44)

−0.12

0.11

0.24

 LDL-c (mmol l−1)

1

0.61 (−0.80,2.01)

0.07

0.03

0.39

 

2

1.29 (−0.27,2.86)

0.15

0.06

0.12

 HDL-c (mmol l−1)

1

−1.20 (−1.94,−0.55)

−0.24

0.09

0.001

 

2

−1.40 (−2.22,−0.60)

−0.27

0.11

0.002

 Trigs (mmol l−1)

1

0.94 (−0.21,2.09)

0.12

0.02

0.11

 

2

1.18 (−0.12,2.47)

0.16

0.02

0.08

 HOMA

1

10.77 (6.12,15.42)

0.33

0.13

<0.001

 

2

11.39 (6.21,16.55)

0.35

0.16

<0.001

W:Ht (cm:cm)

 SBP (mm Hg)

1

21.16 (−1.75,44.03)

0.13

0.09

0.07

 

2

26.05 (1.69,40.41)

0.14

0.11

0.04

 DBP (mm Hg)

1

−22.55 (−37.84,−7.67)

−0.23

0.06

0.004

 

2

−15.15 (−31.02,0.72)

−0.18

0.12

0.06

 LDL-c (mmol l−1)

1

1.19 (−0.28,2.66)

0.12

0.04

0.11

 

2

1.65 (0.09,3.21)

0.79

0.06

0.04

 HDL-c (mmol l−1)

1

−1.73 (−2.48,−0.99)

−0.33

0.14

<0.001

 

2

−1.81 (−2.61,−1.01)

−0.32

0.16

<0.001

 Trigs (mmol l−1)

1

1.83 (0.73,2.99)

0.23

0.05

0.003

 

2

2.01 (0.75,3.28)

0.27

0.06

0.002

 HOMA

1

14.94 (10.32,18.55)

0.45

0.21

<0.001

 

2

15.75 (10.89,20.63)

0.47

0.24

<0.001

  1. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-c, fasting serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA, homeostasis model of assessment; LDL-c, fasting serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; Trigs, fasting serum triglycerides; W:H, waist-to-hip ratio; W:Ht, waist-to-height ratio. Model 1: is adjusted for age (at time of anthropometric measurement), pubertal stage and height. Model 2: is adjusted for variables included in model 1 plus the presence of asthma, maternal education, household annual income and ethnicity.
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