Table 4 Change from baseline and mean differences between groups (treatment effect) at the 1-year follow-up

From: Effect of an obesity prevention program focused on motivating environments in childhood: a school-based prospective study

 

Mean change from baseline

Mean difference from the control a

Between-group P-value

 

Control group (n=350)

Intervention group (n=418)

  

Height (cm)

5.7 (5.5 to 5.9)

6.8 (6.6 to 7.0)

1.1 (0.8 to 1.4)

< 0.001

Weight (kg)

5.2 (4.8 to 5.5)

5.0 (4.7 to 5.4)

−0.1 (−0.6 to 0.3)

0.576

BMI (kg m–2)

0.7 (0.5 to 0.8)

0.4 (0.2 to 0.5)

−0.3 (−0.5 to −0.1)

0.001

BMI (z-score)

0.01 (−0.03 to 0.05)

−0.09 (−0.13 to −0.06)

−0.11 (−0.16 to −0.06)

< 0.001

WC (cm)

1.7 (1.2 to 2.1)

4.2 (3.7 to 4.6)

2.5 (1.9 to 3.2)

< 0.001

WHtR

−0.006 (−0.009 to −0.004)

0.008 (0.004 to 0.011)

0.014 (0.010 to 0.018)

< 0.001

Body fat (%)

1.7 (1.3 to 2.0)

0.6 (0.3 to 1.0)

−1.0 (−1.5 to −0.6)

< 0.001

Fat mass (kg)

1.9 (1.7 to 2.2)

1.3 (1.1 to 1.6)

−0.6 (−0.9 to −0.3)

0.001

Muscle mass (kg)

3.0 (2.8 to 3.2)

3.4 (3.3 to 3.6)

0.4 (0.1 to 0.7)

0.005

SBP (mm Hg)

5.5 (4.2 to 6.8)

−5.2 (−6.3 to −4.0)

−10.7 (−12.4 to −8.9)

< 0.001

DBP (mm Hg)

5.2 (4.1 to 6.3)

−2.2 (−3.2 to −1.2)

−7.4 (−8.9 to −5.9)

< 0.001

PAPS total score

−4.6 (−3.7 to −5.6)

3.5 (2.7 to 4.4)

8.2 (6.9 to 9.5)

< 0.001

 Cardiopulmonary endurance

−1.4 (−1.8 to −1.0)

0.4 (0.1 to 0.8)

1.9 (1.4 to 2.4)

< 0.001

 Flexibility

1.3 (0.8 to 1.8)

4.2 (3.7 to 4.6)

2·9 (2.2 to 3.6)

< 0.001

 Muscular strength

−2.6 (−2.9 to −2.3)

−0.1 (−0.3 to 0.2)

2.5 (2.2 to 2.8)

< 0.001

 Agility

−1.4 (−1.7 to −1.1)

−0.5 (−0.8 to −0.2)

0.9 (0.5 to 1.3)

< 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PAPS, physical activity promotion system; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumference; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio.
  2. Data are expressed as mean (95% CI). Statistics were analyzed by the paired t-test, Student’s t-test, and linear mixed model analysis.
  3. aMean difference from the control (treatment effect), defined as the change in the intervention group - the change in the control group. Higher PAPS scores indicate a better fitness level.
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