Table 5 Subgroup analysis of mean differences from the control group (treatment effect)* at the 1-year follow-up by baseline body weight category, sex and age

From: Effect of an obesity prevention program focused on motivating environments in childhood: a school-based prospective study

 

Body weight category

Sex

Age (also by school)

 

Normal

Overweight

Obesity

Boy

Girl

10 Year (elementary school)

>10 Year (middle school)

Height (cm)

1.1 (0.8 to 1.5)c

1.2 (0.2 to 2.1)a

1.0 (0.3 to 1.7)b

1.0 (0.7 to 1.4)c

1.2 (0.7 to 1.7)c

1.0 (0.7 to 1.4)c

1.2 (0.7 to 1.7)c

Weight (kg)

0.2 (−0.3 to 0.7)

0.4 (−1.4 to 2.1)

−1.2 (−2.8 to 0.3)

−0.2 (−0.8 to 0.4)

0.2 (−0.5 to 1.0)

−0.3 (−0.9 to 0.3)

0.04 (−0.7 to 0.8)

BMI (z-score)

−0.10 (−1.67 to −0.41)b

−0.08 (−0.24 to 0.07)

−0.12 (−0.23 to 0.002)

−0.11 (−0.16 to −0.05)c

−0.06 (−0.21 to 0.02)

−0.17 (−0.25 to −0.09)c

−0.05 (−0.12 to 0.02)

Body fat (%)

−1.0 (−1.6 to −0.4)b

−0.9 (−2.3 to 0.5)

−1.1 (−2.1 to −0.04)a

−0.9 (−1.4 to −0.4)c

−1.1 (−2.0 to −0.1)a

−1.5 (−2.2 to −0.8)c

−0.5 (−1.1 to 0.1)

Fat mass (kg)

−0.4 (−0.7 to −0.02)a

−0.2 (−1.3 to 0.9)

−1.6 (−2.7 to −0.5)b

−0.6 (−1.0 to −0.2)b

−0.4 (−0.9 to 0.2)

−0.7 (−1.0 to −0.3)b

−0.5 (−1.0 to 0.03)

Muscle mass (kg)

0.5 (0.2 to 0.8)b

0.6 (−0.2 to 1.4)

0.1 (−1.0 to 0.7)

0.3 (−0.01 to −0.6)a

0.6 (0.1 to 1.0)

0.2 (−0.2 to 0.6)

0.5 (0.2 to 0.9)b

SBP (mm Hg)

−9.5 (−11.4 to −7.6)c

−9.3 (−15.0 to −3.7)b

−17.4 (−22.7 to −12.0)c

−12.4 (−14.4 to −10.4)c

−4.5 (−7.8 to −1.2)b

−6.6 (−8.9 to −4.3)c

−5.7 (−7.8 to −3.6)c

DBP (mm Hg)

−5.2 (−6.9 to −3.6)c

−9.6 (−14.0 to −5.1)c

−15.3 (−19.7 to −10.9)c

−8.0 (−9.7 to −6.2)c

−5.1 (−8.1 to −2.1)b

−14.1 (−16.3 to −11.6)c

−8.7 (−10.8 to −6.6)c

PAPS total score

7.8 (6.1 to 9.4)c

8.8 (5.3 to 12.3)c

9.1 (6.4 to 11.8)c

7.7 (6.3 to 9.1)c

9.0 (6.4 to 11.6)c

7.6 (5.8 to 9.4)c

8.6 (7.0 to 10.3)c

  1. Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PAPS, physical activity promotion system; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
  2. Data are expressed as mean (95% CI). Statistics were analyzed by the Student’s t-test.
  3. aP<0.05;
  4. bP<0.01;
  5. cP<0.001.
  6. Mean difference from the control (treatment effect) defined as the change in the intervention group—the change in the control group. Higher PAPS scores indicate a better fitness level.