Abstract
A set of unique nucleoside analogs, containing ‘spirocyclic orthoester-type’ scaffolds, were synthesized from a common isothiazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-riboside precursor. The key reaction, using 1,2-di-heteroatomic nucleophiles (e.g., 1,2-ethandithiol) and BF3•OEt2, converts an exocyclic imine into the spirocyclic analogs. The novel structural scaffold is confirmed through the use of one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR experiments.
Similar content being viewed by others
Log in or create a free account to read this content
Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com
or
References
Jordheim, L. P., Durantel, D., Zoulim, F. & Dumontet, C. Advances in the development of nucleoside and nucleotide analogues for cancer and viral diseases. Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov. 12, 447–464 (2013).
Shelton, J. et al. Metabolism, biochemical actions, and chemical synthesis of anticancer nucleosides, nucleotides, and base analogs. Chem. Rev. 116, 14379–14455 (2016).
Isono, K. Nucleoside antibiotics: structure, biological activity, and biosynthesis. J. Antibiot. 41, 1711–1739 (1988).
Galmarini, C. M., Mackey, J. R. & Dumontet, C. Nucleoside analogues and nucleobases in cancer treatment. Lancet Oncol. 3, 415–424 (2002).
de Clercq, E. Milestones in the discovery of antiviral agents: nucleosides and nucleotides. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 2, 535–548 (2012).
Nakamura, H. et al. Structure of coformycin, an unusual nucleoside of microbial origin. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 96, 4327–4328 (1974).
Suhadolnik, R. J. Nucleoside Antibiotics(Wiley, New York, NY, USA,1970)
Pestka, S. Inhibitors of ribosome functions. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 25, 487–562 (1971).
Sinkeldam, R. W., Greco, N. J. & Tor, Y. Fluorescent analogs of biomolecular building blocks: design, properties, and applications. Chem. Rev. 110, 2579–2619 (2010).
Wilhelmsson, L. M. Fluorescent nucleic acid base analogues. Q. Rev. Biophys. 43, 159–183 (2010).
Hawkins, M. E. Fluorescent pteridine nucleoside analogs. Cell Biochem. Biophys. 34, 257–281 (2001).
Wilson, J. N. & Kool, E. T. Fluorescent DNA base replacements: reporters and sensors for biological systems. Org. Biomol. Chem. 4, 4265–4274 (2006).
Okamoto, A., Saito, Y. & Saito, I. Design of base-discriminating fluorescent nucleosides. J. Photochem. Photobiol. C 6, 108–122 (2005).
Shin, D., Sinkeldam, R. W. & Tor, Y. Emissive RNA alphabet. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 14912–14915 (2011).
Rovira, A. R., Fin, A. & Tor, Y. Chemical mutagenesis of an emissive RNA alphabet. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 14602–14605 (2015).
Rovira, A. R., Fin, A. & Tor, Y. Expanding a fluorescent RNA alphabet: synthesis, photophysics and utility of isothiazole-derived purine nucleoside surrogates. Chem. Sci. 8, 2983–2993 (2017).
Li, W. S. & Sayre, L. M. Reaction of amines with N1,N10-ethylene-bridged flavinium salts: the first NMR spectroscopic evidence of C10a tetrahedral amine adducts. Tetrahedron 57, 4523–4536 (2001).
Nikolaev, V. V., Heimgartner, H., Linden, A., Krylov, I. S. & Nikolaev, V. A. RhII-catalyzed reactions of diazocarbonyl compounds with dicarboximides. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 4737–4746 (2006).
Weisman, G. R., Johnson, V. & Fiala, R. E. Tricyclic orthoamides: effects of lone-pair orientation upon NMR spectra. Tetrahedron Lett. 21, 3635–3638 (1980).
Sekine, M. & Hata, T. Cyclic orthoester functions as new protecting groups in nucleosides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105, 2044–2049 (1983).
Acknowledgements
We thank the National Institutes of Health for generous support (via grant number GM 069773), the Chemistry and Biochemistry MS Facility and the UCSD NMR Facility.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Dedicated to Professor KC Nicolaou for his contributions to synthetic organic chemistry.
Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on The Journal of Antibiotics website
Supplementary information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rovira, A., Tor, Y. Synthesis of unique spirocyclic orthoester-type derivatives of isothiazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine nucleosides. J Antibiot 71, 342–344 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/ja.2017.87
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Version of record:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ja.2017.87


