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Acceleration of neutral atoms in strong short-pulse laser fields

Nature volume 461, pages 1261–1264 (2009)Cite this article

Abstract

A charged particle exposed to an oscillating electric field experiences a force proportional to the cycle-averaged intensity gradient. This so-called ponderomotive force1 plays a major part in a variety of physical situations such as Paul traps2,3 for charged particles, electron diffraction in strong (standing) laser fields4,5,6 (the Kapitza–Dirac effect) and laser-based particle acceleration7,8,9. Comparably weak forces on neutral atoms in inhomogeneous light fields may arise from the dynamical polarization of an atom10,11,12; these are physically similar to the cycle-averaged forces. Here we observe previously unconsidered extremely strong kinematic forces on neutral atoms in short-pulse laser fields. We identify the ponderomotive force on electrons as the driving mechanism, leading to ultrastrong acceleration of neutral atoms with a magnitude as high as ∼1014 times the Earth’s gravitational acceleration, g. To our knowledge, this is by far the highest observed acceleration on neutral atoms in external fields and may lead to new applications in both fundamental and applied physics.

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Figure 1: Deflection of neutral He atoms after interaction with a focused laser beam.
Figure 2: Maximum velocity vmax(z ) gained by neutral He atoms.
Figure 3: Maximum velocity v max (0) transferred to He and Ne at the focal plane as a function of the laser pulse duration at constant laser intensity.

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Acknowledgements

We thank F. Noack for technical support on the laser system and W. Becker, P. B. Corkum, H. R. Reiss and O. Smirnova for discussions.

Author Contributions U.E. and T.N. designed and performed the experiments and analysed the data. All authors contributed to the theoretical understanding and were involved in the completion of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany,

    U. Eichmann, T. Nubbemeyer, H. Rottke & W. Sandner

  2. Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10632 Berlin, Germany

    U. Eichmann & W. Sandner

Authors
  1. U. Eichmann
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  2. T. Nubbemeyer
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  3. H. Rottke
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  4. W. Sandner
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to U. Eichmann.

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Eichmann, U., Nubbemeyer, T., Rottke, H. et al. Acceleration of neutral atoms in strong short-pulse laser fields. Nature 461, 1261–1264 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08481

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  1. Sabre Kais

    Qi Wei and coauthors Pingxiao Wang, Sabre Kais, and Dudley Herschbach have accepted the invitation to post a comment on the Nature paper by U. Eichmann, et al (referred to as ENRS). We had prepared a manus cript as a Brief Communication Arising, titled 'Confirmation of Kramers-Henneberger Atoms'. It was not accepted by Nature, but is available on arXiv (http://arxiv.org/abs/1609.0.... We are glad to have confirmed the main conclusion of ENRS: that the ponderomotive force accounts for most of the dramatic acceleration effect seen in their experiments. However, their statement relating to the K-H atom model (top of page 1263) overlooks an important point. The KH treatment uses quantum mechanics, so is not an equivalent des cription of that used by ENRS. We carried out the KH treatment and found it provided an additional source of acceleration. Including that KH term brought the calculated maximum velocities closer to the experimental results over the range of laser pulse durations.
    Responses to our comment may be directed to qwei@admin.ecnu.edu.cn

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