Figure 2: Total annual cost of LDVs versus annual VMT in 2014 and 2030 for four vehicle technologies. | Nature Climate Change

Figure 2: Total annual cost of LDVs versus annual VMT in 2014 and 2030 for four vehicle technologies.

From: Autonomous taxis could greatly reduce greenhouse-gas emissions of US light-duty vehicles

Figure 2

In 2014, economics strongly favour ICEVs at 12,000 mi. yr−1, the average VMT of CDVs; in 2030, HEVs have lowest total ownership cost, with ICEVs and HFCVs being slightly higher, and BEVs costliest. At the higher VMT expected for ATs, greater efficiency become economically favourable, with BEVs becoming the lowest total cost vehicle at 70,000 mi. yr−1 in 2014 and ≥40,000 mi. yr−1 in 2030.

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