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Cytokine modulation of HIV-1 chemokine receptor expression

Nature Medicine volume 5, page 592 (1999)Cite this article

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To the editor—In the March issue of Nature Medicine, Grivel and Margolis1 presented work on the cytopathicity of CCR5-and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1, concluding that, contrary to earlier thinking, virus using the CCR5 receptor to gain entry to T cells (R5 isolates) are as cytopathic as virus using the CXCR4 receptor (X4 isolates). They went on to suggest that the noted lower pathogenicity of R5 is due to lower numbers of cells bearing the CCR5 receptor in the target tissue, in this case tonsil explants. However, the authors used tonsil tissue from HIV-seronegative individuals undergoing tonsillectomy. This tissue may not have the same distribution of CCR5 and CXCR4 receptors as that of HIV-infected patients.

We have recently demonstrated a significant upregulation of CCR5 and CXCR4 receptors (five- to tenfold, or 30–40% of all CD4 cells) in tonsillar tissue obtained from asymptomatic anti-retroviral-naive, HIV-1-infected individuals (with peripheral blood CD4 counts of more than 500 cells/μl) compared with that of HIV-negative control tissue from patients with tonsillar hypertrophy or recurrent tonsillitis2. This upregulation of CCR5 in tonsil tissue correlated with high levels of IL2 anfd γ-interferon expression. We have also shown that in vitro these type 1 cytokines can upregulate CCR5 as well as CXCR4 receptor expression on CD4 cells.

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References

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology/Microbiology Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Alan L. Landay

  2. Dept. of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Medicine Division of Infectious Disease Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Bruce Patterson

  3. Division of Infectious Diseases, 163 Department of Immunology/Microbiology Pathology and infectious Diseases Karolinska Institute Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, S-141 85, Sweden

    Jan Andersson

Authors
  1. Alan L. Landay
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  2. Bruce Patterson
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  3. Jan Andersson
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Landay, A., Patterson, B. & Andersson, J. Cytokine modulation of HIV-1 chemokine receptor expression. Nat Med 5, 592 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1038/9418

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