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T cell vaccines for microbial infections

Nature Medicine volume 11, pages S25–S32 (2005)Cite this article

Abstract

Vaccination, or the deliberate induction of protective immunity by administering nonpathogenic forms of a microbe or its antigens to induce a memory immune response, is the world's most cost-effective medical procedure for preventing morbidity and mortality caused by infectious disease1. Historically, most vaccines have worked by eliciting long-lived plasma cells. These cells produce antibodies that limit disease by neutralizing a toxin or blocking the spread of the infectious agent. For these 'B cell vaccines,' the immunological marker, or correlate, for protection is the titer of protective antibodies. With the discovery of HIV/AIDS, vaccine development has been confronted by an agent that is not easily blocked by antibody2. To overcome this, researchers who are developing HIV/AIDS vaccines have turned to the elicitation of cellular immunity, or 'T cell vaccines,' which recognize and kill infected cells3,4.

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Figure 1: Variability in vaccine elicited responses and phases of CD8 T cell responses.
Figure 2: Patterns of CD8 T cells found in the blood of A*01 macaques following a SIV infection and the administration of three different SIV or SHIV vaccines.
Figure 3: Patterns of CD8 T cells found in the blood of A*01 macaques, both before and after challenge, for three different types of vaccines.
Figure 4: Assays for T cell responses.

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Acknowledgements

We are indebted to R. Ahmed, J. Altman, F. Villinger, V. Pillai, L. Lai and J. Zhao for critical review of the manuscript and to H. Drake-Perrow for administrative assistance. This work was supported by National Public Health Service Integrated Preclinical/Clinical AIDS Vaccine Development Grants P01-AI 43045 and P01-AI49364, the Emory/Atlanta Center for AIDS Research, P30 DA 12121, and the Yerkes National Primate Research Center base grant, P51 RR000165.

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  1. Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, 30329, Georgia, USA

    Harriet L Robinson & Rama Rao Amara

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Correspondence to Harriet L Robinson.

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Drs. Robinson and Amara have pending patents for HIV vaccines modeled on the DNA/MVA SHIV vaccine reported in this review. Dr. Robinson also holds a minor equity interest in GeoVax Inc., the company that has licensed the technology for a DNA/MVA HIV/AIDS vaccine.

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Robinson, H., Amara, R. T cell vaccines for microbial infections. Nat Med 11 (Suppl 4), S25–S32 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1212

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