Table 8 Meta-analysis results for consolidating surface learning
Consolidating surface learning | No. of metas | No. of studies | No. of people | Prorated No. of people | No. of effects | ES |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deliberate practice | 3 | 161 | 13,689 | 13,689 | 258 | 0.77 |
Effort | 1 | 15 | 13,300 | 15 | 0.77 | |
Rehearsal and memorisation | 3 | 132 | 0 | 39,900 | 132 | 0.73 |
Giving/receiving feedback | 28 | 1,413 | 75,279 | 288,079 | 2,219 | 0.71 |
Spaced versus mass practice | 4 | 360 | 14,811 | 54,711 | 965 | 0.60 |
Help seeking | 1 | 62 | 13,300 | 62 | 0.60 | |
Time on task | 8 | 254 | 28,034 | 121,134 | 300 | 0.54 |
Reviewing records | 1 | 8 | 523 | 523 | 84 | 0.49 |
Practice testing | 10 | 674 | 7,147,625 | 7,227,425 | 1,598 | 0.44 |
Teaching test taking and coaching | 11 | 275 | 15,772 | 148,772 | 372 | 0.27 |
Interleaved practice | 1 | 12 | 989 | 989 | 65 | 0.21 |
