Abstract
Genetic factors impact behavioral traits relevant to numerous psychiatric disorders and risk-taking behaviors, and different lines of evidence have indicated that discrete neurobiological systems contribute to such individual differences. In this study, we explored the relationship of genetic variants of the prodynorphin (PDYN) gene, which is enriched in the striatonigral/striatomesencephalic pathway, a key neuronal circuit implicated in positive ‘Go’ behavioral choice and action. Our multidisciplinary approach revealed that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2235749 (in high linkage disequilibrium with rs910080) modifies striatal PDYN expression via impaired binding of miR-365, a microRNA that targets the PDYN 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR), and is significantly associated to novelty- and reward-related behavioral traits in humans and translational animal models. Carriers of the rs2235749G allele exhibited increased levels of PDYN 3′UTR in vitro and had elevated mRNA expression in the medial nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) and caudate nucleus in postmortem human brains. There was an association of rs2235749 with novelty-seeking trait and a strong genotype–dose association with positive reinforcement behavior in control subjects, which differed in cannabis-dependent individuals. Using lentiviral miRZip-365 constructs selectively expressed in Pdyn-neurons of the NAcSh, we demonstrated that the Pdyn-miR365 interaction in the NAcSh directly influences novelty-seeking exploratory behavior and facilitates self-administration of natural reward. Overall, this translational study suggests that genetically determined miR-365-mediated epigenetic regulation of PDYN expression in mesolimbic striatonigral/striatomesencephalic circuits possibly contributes to novelty seeking and positive reinforcement traits.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank James Callens and Nayana Patel for their technical support, Dr Chloe Tessereau for assistance with the LD analysis and Dr Corey Watson for assistance with the analysis of ancestral informative markers. This research was supported by Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Fund (YLH), NIH DA15446 (YLH), Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal Research Fellowship Award (DJA), NIH T32 5T32GM062754 (SAA), NIH T32 DA007135 (MMJ and MM) and UNCF/Merck Dissertation Fellowship (SAA).
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Egervari, G., Jutras-Aswad, D., Landry, J. et al. A Functional 3′UTR Polymorphism (rs2235749) of Prodynorphin Alters microRNA-365 Binding in Ventral Striatonigral Neurons to Influence Novelty Seeking and Positive Reward Traits. Neuropsychopharmacol 41, 2512–2520 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.53
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.53
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