Supplementary Figure 1: Schematic representation of different types of HF cleavage apparatus.

a Classic and most used Type-I HF cleavage apparatus developed by Peptide Institute Inc., Japan, including a large HF collection vessel (CV), two small reaction vessels (RVs) and another large CV/RV. Originally equipped with a mercury manometer, the apparatus are nowadays equipped with standard vacuum gauges. b Type-II HF cleavage apparatus also developed and distributed by Peptide Institute Inc., Japan, without the two large CVs and a vacuum gauge. c Schematic connection setup of apparatus with CaO trap, water trap and vacuum pump.11Adapted from the original HF instruction and operation protocol, edited by Professor Shumpei Sakakibara, with permission of Peptide Institute Inc., Japan.